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环保部:未来10天京津冀或现臭氧污染

2017-05-31 21:39:30   央视新闻客户端

根据中国环境监测总站与相关省级空气质量预报部门的联合会商,未来十天,京津冀及周边区域大部地区空气质量总体一般,以良至轻度污染为主,后期部分地区仍可能出现首要污染物为臭氧的中至重度污染。

中国环境监测总站预报,5月31日-6月2日,全国空气质量总体一般,大部地区以良至轻度污染为主,部分地区受沙尘和臭氧污染影响可能出现中度或以上污染。5月31日-6月1日,华北和华南部分地区可能出现中度及以上污染;西北部分地区受沙尘影响,可能出现重度污染。6月2日,全国大部地区空气质量较好,东北、华东、华中、华南和西南大部以优良为主;华北大部以良至轻度污染为主,部分地区可能出现中度污染;西北大部以良至轻度污染为主,部分地区受沙尘影响可能出现中至重度污染。

预报显示,未来十天,京津冀区域大部地区空气质量总体一般,以良至轻度污染为主,其中5月31日-6月1日、6月4日-5日区域中南部可能出现中度污染,局部地区可能出现重度污染。后期部分地区仍可能出现首要污染物为臭氧的中至重度污染。

专家分析:持续高温天气加剧臭氧污染

近期持续的高温天气,加剧了京津冀及周边地区的大气污染,臭氧成为首要污染物。位于高空平流层的臭氧,可以抵御紫外线。为何在靠近地面的时候,又成了污染物?

中国科学院大气物理研究所研究员李杰介绍,臭氧是一种蓝色、有刺激性的气体。这种物质原本应该集中在高层大气帮助人类抵御紫外线侵害,与高空中的臭氧层不同,由于臭氧具有的强氧化性,近地面的臭氧则是一种有害气体。如果空气中的臭氧浓度过高,很容易引起上呼吸道的炎症病变,出现咳嗽、头疼等症状,还会对皮肤、眼睛、鼻黏膜产生刺激。

中国科学院大气物理研究所研究员李杰:近地面来讲的话,特别是在人为活动污染比较严重的地方,主要是由光化学反应产生的。臭氧的前提物主要是两大类,氮氧化物和可挥发性有机物。它们两个在太阳紫外线的照射下,经过一系列的化学反应,就会形成臭氧。

专家称,氮氧化物主要来自机动车、发电厂、燃煤锅炉和水泥炉窑等;挥发性有机物主要来自机动车、石化工业排放和有机溶剂的挥发等。温度越高、太阳辐射强度越大,臭氧浓度水平越高。所以臭氧超标多发生在夏季。

监测数据显示,臭氧污染一般在凌晨较低,上午开始攀升,到中午达到较高水平,并持续至傍晚,夜间浓度逐渐降低。专家建议,公众尤其是儿童、老人等体弱和敏感人群,在午后两三点臭氧污染最严重的时候尽量避免户外活动。室外臭氧浓度高时,应减少室内通风换气次数。

责任编辑:李皓 CN002
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