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北京未来三天将告别高温 偶有污染臭氧是“主角”

2017-05-29 15:35:42   北京晚报

本报讯(记者孙乐琪)昨天是端午小长假第一天,京城的人们遭遇了“晴雨两重天”。虽然白天是高温天儿,但到了傍晚,北京市气象台就发布了雷电黄色预警。不过,高温预计今天就能和咱们说“拜拜”了。因为从昨夜起天空云量逐渐增加,不时有阵雨或雷阵雨来京城“过节”。接下来,京城将迎来降温、降雨的“双降模式”。

市气象台数据显示,昨日本市大部分地区最高气温为35℃至37℃,局部地区达38℃至40℃。全市有250个测站最高气温达到35℃及以上,南郊观象台35.4℃;有163个测站超过37℃,最高值出现在昌平十三陵41.3℃。

今晨,市气象台发布28日16时至29日6时降水情况:昨天傍晚到今晨本市有分散性阵雨或雷阵雨,西部北部较明显。主要降水在傍晚到前半夜,延庆怀柔局地有小冰雹,朝阳海淀丰台等地出现6到8级短时大风。

今天清晨,天空布满云层。市气象台专家介绍,虽然预报今天将有分散性阵雨,但是由于近地面层气温不高,不稳定的条件减弱,所以今日不会出现强对流天气。降雨主要发生在北部郊区,小阵雨对外出活动的影响也不大。今天白天的最高气温在27℃上下,夜间最低气温在18℃上下。气温相对前几天来说是比较舒适的。

不过,今天白天的阵雨只是此次降雨过程的“先遣部队”,由于冷空气活动,随着天气系统的南下,主要降水将集中在今天后半夜到明天下午,将出现一次全市性降雨天气过程,预计大部地区为小雨量级,但是对于交通出行有一定影响。明后两天有出游计划的朋友们,要注意带好雨具,驾车出行请注意交通安全。

5月31日一上班,北京天气就将迎来晴朗少云的天气,气温也将上升,白天最高气温在33℃上下。“六一”儿童节天气也不错,最高气温在32℃上下。不过,紫外线照射强烈,外出要注意遮阳防晒。J245

又讯(记者张航)今天是端午小长假的第二天,京城告别了酷热,迎来了难得的凉爽舒适。京城的空气质量相比昨天也有了明显的好转,截至上午记者发稿时,全市空气质量优良,适合大家外出游玩。据了解,未来三天本市空气质量整体不错,臭氧是主要污染物。

昨天白天,伴随着高温的是臭氧浓度的迅速攀升,昨天下午4时,城区臭氧浓度超过250微克/立方米,东南部郊区甚至超过330微克/立方米,东西城、朝阳、丰台、房山出现臭氧轻度污染水平,通州、大兴、顺义、平谷地区出现臭氧中度污染水平。

幸好到了傍晚,随着全市对流天气的加强,部分地区出现降水,臭氧、PM2.5等污染物的浓度迅速回落。到今天上午8时,全市气温回落到30℃以下,空气质量也普遍优良,城六区PM2.5浓度仅32微克/立方米。市环保监测中心表示,未来三天本市空气质量总体依然不错,预计明天空气质量良好,5月31日空气质量轻度污染,6月1日空气质量良好。

值得注意的是,未来几天本市的首要污染物依然由臭氧来“唱主角”,这种物质原本应该集中在高层大气帮助人类抵御紫外线侵害,一旦以高浓度出现在近地面,便会危害人体健康。专家表示,臭氧在常温下是一种有特殊臭味的淡蓝色气体。它有强氧化性。高浓度的臭氧会刺激、损害人的黏膜组织,比如眼睛、呼吸系统。

据介绍,近地面的臭氧大部分是由人为排放的氮氧化物和挥发性有机物在高温光照条件下二次转化形成的。氮氧化物主要来自机动车、发电厂、燃煤锅炉和水泥炉窑等等;挥发性有机物主要来自机动车、石化工业排放和有机溶剂的挥发等等。温度越高、太阳辐射强度越大,臭氧浓度水平越高。所以臭氧超标多发生在夏季。J067

原标题:北京未来三天将告别高温 偶有污染臭氧是“主角”

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