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24省城乡医保已归口至人社部门管理 年内实现并轨

2017-05-18 02:46:10   经济参考报

城乡居民医保并轨进入冲刺阶段。《经济参考报》记者了解到,截至目前,北京、天津、河北、内蒙古、上海、浙江、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、重庆、云南等24个省市区对建立统一的城乡居民医保制度进行了总体规划部署或全面实现整合,并将管理部门统一划归至人社部门。

我国基本医疗保险制度曾长期呈现为多元分割运行体制,在制度分割上表现为职工医保、城镇居民医保和新农合分立运行,在基金分割上主要表现为市县统筹,风险分摊范围有限。而整合城乡医疗保险制度、发展更加公平的医疗保险体系,打破城乡户籍制度对医疗保险制度的制约,可以使医保体系在政策制定、管理运行、经办服务等方面摒除城乡户籍因素,剥除户籍制度所承载的医疗保障功能,缩小城乡居民医保差距。

城乡居民医保并轨被列入2017年医改重点工作,根据已经确定的时间表,这项工作将于年内完成,届时将实现覆盖范围、筹资政策、保障待遇、医保目录、定点管理、基金管理“六统一”政策。而由于并轨实行报销范围“就高不就低”的原则,城乡居民待遇普遍提高,不少地区用药目录得到大幅扩容。

在整合前,宁夏城镇居民政策范围内报销比例约为57%,农村居民政策范围内报销比例为53.59%。统筹后的2014年,城乡居民在医保政策范围内报销比例达到66%。北京市此前门诊报销政策,城镇居民一个年度门诊报销封顶线是2000元,而新农合是3000元,按照医保待遇不降低的原则,政策合并后,城镇居民的门诊报销统一为3000元,住院封顶线由17万元统一到18万元。

在制度并轨过程中,管理体制也得到理顺。各地通过统筹安排,城乡医保的统一归口经办管理得以实现,减少了医保制度管理及运行成本。具体而言,除上述24个归口人社部门的省份之外,也有省份采取了不同策略。如陕西省城乡居民医疗保险由医保中心统一管理,医保中心主任原则上由同级医改办主任兼任。福建省建立统一的医保管理体系,成立省医疗保障管理委员会,其下设医保办承担日常工作,医保办挂靠省财政厅,相对独立运作。

清华大学公共管理学院教授杨燕绥表示,“建立统一的城乡居民医保制度后,增强了医保基金的互助共济能力,有利于发挥医保对医改的基础性作用,促进医保对医疗服务的外部激励制约,为‘三医联动’改革打下了坚实基础。”

不过,统一城乡居民医保制度,还只是改革的第一个环节。有专家在接受《经济参考报》记者采访时建议,通过建立多档次的筹资机制作为过渡,促使参保居民缴费标准与待遇享受水平挂钩。“城乡居民医疗保险制度的整合与统筹发展,很大程度上是为了逐渐缩小城乡居民的医保待遇差距。设立多档筹资机制后,参保居民根据自身需要、经济实力和意愿自由选择参保档次。随着经济发展、城乡居民收入的增加,再逐步实现城市职工医保与城乡居民医保缴费和待遇给付上的对接。”他说。

上述专家称,医保合并不是简单的机构合并,关键是明确功能、整合职能、理顺机制,实现控费目标的同时,规范医疗行为。建议未来建立医保经办机构与医疗服务机构的集体谈判机制。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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