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30%提前退休是什么梗?延退前夜养老金负担加重

2017-05-06 09:36:28   

原标题:30%提前退休是什么梗?延退前夜养老金负担变相加重

就在官方不断论证延迟退休必要性时,多地非正常提前退休现象却悄然增多。

人社部社会保障研究所所长金维刚近日披露,当前“未老先退”问题突出,有的地区提前退休的人员占到当年退休人员的30%。

“社会保险制度设计是基于精算的,而精算只能依据正常情况下的生命表、统计数据等来模拟测算;但是,部分地区通过‘篡改年龄’等非正常行为以达提前退休目的的行为,会导致和基于正常情况下精算的结果出现偏差,最终会对基金安全造成影响,而且,这种弄虚作假行为是投机和违规行为,影响了社会风气,带来很坏的示范效应。”5月4日,51社保创始人余清泉接受《华夏时报(公众号:chinatimes)》记者采访时表示,通过修改年龄达到提前退休的目的行为是严令禁止的,人社部对此曾多次发过文件严格控制提前退休。

4月底,全国老龄办、民政部、国家发展改革委、人社部、国家卫计委等五部门联合发布了《“十三五”国家老龄事业发展和养老体系建设规划》,其中表示,“十三五”期间将通过“增收”、严管等措施改革和完善养老保险制度,综合施策,实现养老保险基金长期平衡,在确保基本养老金按时足额发放的基础上,严格控制提前退休,防止基金跑冒滴漏。

 五花八门的提前退休

根据我国现行规定,男性60岁退休、女干部和科技人员55岁退休,女工人50岁退休,长期从事特殊工种或因工致残、失去劳动能力的可以提前退休。

也就是说,提前退休的制度并非天然不合理,中央是允许符合条件的人员提前退休的。

在国家的现行政策里,确有规定特殊工种、相关工龄已满等法定情况可提前退休。根据国务院颁发的《关于工人退休、退职的暂行办法》和《关于安置老弱病残干部的暂行办法》,从事井下、高空、高温、特别繁重体力劳动或者其他有害身体健康的工作(下称“特殊工种”),男年满55周岁,女年满45周岁,连续工龄满10年的,应该退休。除此之外,因工致残、失去劳动能力的,也在可提前退休之列。

但在实际操作层面,提前退休制度屡屡被钻空子。

“非正常提前退休的方式五花八门,主要有三种形式:一是更改年龄,将年龄改大;二是通过关系搞到特殊工种等方面的证明,以达到提前退休的目的;三是人已离职,但依然在原单位按最低标准缴纳社保。”5月4日,武汉科技大学金融证券研究所所长董登新接受《华夏时报(公众号:chinatimes)》记者采访时表示,更改年龄有两种情况,一种是无意识的更改年龄,比如,前期因求学或者参军的需要而修改的年龄,这种更改的目的不是为了早拿养老金,但客观上确实属于提前退休;二是故意更改身份证年龄,其目的就是骗保,从而达到提前退休的目的。

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