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京津冀雾霾来自蒙陕晋三省份? 专家辟谣

2016-12-21 00:10:27   

原标题:霾是刮来的?风被偷走了?——专家回应雾霾热点问题

北方尤其是京津冀地区连日来雾霾笼罩,多地“爆表”,成为大家关注的热点。网络上也有很多关于雾霾的分析和质疑。针对公众疑问,环境保护部20日邀请八位专家一一解读,看你关心的问题有没有解答。

问题1:京津冀的雾霾,主要是由内蒙、陕西、山西三个省区为主要污染源造成的吗?

中国环境科学研究院柴发合研究员:大量的观测分析和模式研究表明,京津冀大气重污染主要是本地积累加上外地传输导致的。其中,京津冀自身的排放量大是最主要因素,对PM2.5污染的贡献为70%左右。

京津冀区域人口密集,煤炭消费量大,单位面积二氧化硫、氮氧化物、烟粉尘排放量分别约为全国平均水平的3倍、4倍和5倍。在冬季采暖期间,主要大气污染物排放都明显增加,是重污染天气高发的根本原因。一旦气象条件不利,就可能形成重污染。

周边省市的区域传输对京津冀PM2.5污染的贡献占30%左右,其中影响最大的是山东、河南。山西、内蒙和陕西的排放对京津冀PM2.5污染也有一定的贡献,但不是污染的主要原因。

问题2:风电场和三北防护林偷走了京津冀的风?

中国气象科学研究院徐祥德院士:国内外的相关研究认为,风电场对下游几公里到几十公里范围的地面风速有明显影响,但超过100公里之外,影响可忽略不计。以北京为例,北京距离内蒙古400多公里,距离张家口约200公里。所以内蒙古和张家口地区的风电不会对北京地区风速产生显著影响。

防护林带对风场的作用主要是大气边界层以下的近地层影响。而能驱散京津冀区域重污染天气的冷空气影响范围垂直方向远远超过边界层或1500米以上。三北防护林不可能阻挡冷空气或寒潮,影响下游大范围区域风场。

问题3:北京雾霾究竟是什么原因,都有哪些成分?

北京大学谢绍东教授:PM2.5的来源非常复杂,可以分为一次来源与二次来源。一次来源又可分为人为源与自然源。人为污染源是指人类生活和生产活动形成的污染源,包括工业、农业、交通运输、生活;自然源包括火山爆发、森林火灾、土壤和岩石的风化等。

二次源是指各污染源排出的气态污染物,如二氧化硫、氮氧化物、挥发性有机物和氨等,经过反应而生成的二次细颗粒物。

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