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同济副校长:上海少有超大封闭社区 无需到处"拆墙"

2016-02-23 16:05:05   新民网

图说:推广街区制引来网友热议。

原标题:同济副校长:上海少有“超大封闭社区”无需到处“拆墙”

记者:张炯强

【新民晚报·新民网】“我国新建住宅要推广街区制,原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区。已建成的住宅小区和单位大院要逐步打开,实现内部道路公共化”——近日,一则关于中国城市发展的“路线图”文件发布引来网友热议:“一旦小区不封闭,安全如何保证?”“我家小区的围墙是不是要拆掉了?”“小区道路跟环境买房时都是交了钱的,为何现在要变成公共的?”实际上,根据不同地区的实际情况,将有不同的实施细则后续出台。对上海而言,少有“超大封闭社区”,所以没有到处“拆墙”的必要!

同济大学副校长、中国2010年上海世博会总规划师吴志强教授昨晚接受记者采访时说,“错了,错了。这里面有误解了。”吴志强曾经担任同济建筑与城市规划学院院长,长期参与上海及长三角地区的城市规划工作,他表示,首先是概念错了,文件中提及的“封闭住宅小区”并非指所有的城市社区,而是指绵延数千米甚至面积超过几平方公里的“超级单位大院”和“超大小区”或者“超大楼盘”,关键是它们的超大封闭尺度影响了整个城市道路交通结构体系,造成主干线打断形成大量丁字路。上海在过去的规划建设中,长期以来就避免了这种“超大封闭社区”,很少有像北方城市历史上诸多的“超级单位大院”和华南城市近年“造城运动”形成的“超大楼盘”,也就没有到处“拆墙”的必要。

吴志强介绍说,由于历史因素,北方一些城市出现了单位大院及华南超级楼盘的现象。比如,某某钢铁企业建成的单位大院,聚集人口数万,面积达5平方公里,如此之大的封闭围墙作为“城中之城”,势必成为城市交通的“盲点”,将一些传统的小路堵死,堵塞了原本可以为主路分流压力的“交通毛细血管”。这部分封闭单位大院才属于“停建”、“切分”之列。吴志强透露,自上世纪80年代起,上海在规划城市发展时,就充分考虑到道理与建筑之间的关系,中心城区内几乎所有的住宅小区建设都没有破坏原有的路网格局。而一些新的开发区在规划初期,也是先有道路再有建筑。吴志强说,“即便在万科那样的房地产企业,在上海拿地也是有尺度上限制规定,避免形成封闭型超级社区。”

吴志强指出,在欧美等发达国家,街区制是破解城市中心地段封闭拥堵还给公众地面步行空间的良药。但是,街区制并非就是破除所有城市住区的围墙,主要是进行面积的限制,一个单位不能超大到整个城市的道路系统。在纽约、巴黎等城市的街道上,小庭院、小花园还是随处可见的。

吴志强认为,解读中央文件中提出的“原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区”,从城市规划专业的角度上看,要读懂三点:

第一,所谓的“封闭住宅小区”是指体量超大、阻碍城市路网的“城中之城”,并非是指所有的住宅小区;

第二,对大型房地产企业拿地、用地,要做出一定尺度限制,土地在出让方面,应该小块出让,不再是大片出让;

第三,通过发展都市中心地段街区制,畅通城市毛细血管,使城市路网稠密,四通八达,从而达到治堵的目的。城市规划建设,最终是怎么让百姓的生活更美好来决定的。(新民晚报记者张炯强)

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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