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听闻小区将“拆围墙” 业主纷纷学习《物权法》

2016-02-22 20:35:31   财新网

【财新网】(记者黎慧玲)2月21日晚,一份提及推广街区制的文件引来关注,颇感意外的房地产企业开始对策,一夜之间惊闻自家小区将“拆围墙”的业主们开始学习《物权法》。

这份名为《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》(下称《意见》)的文件,其实是去年12月中央城市工作会议的配套文件。《意见》提出,“新建住宅要推广街区制,原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区。已建成的住宅小区和单位大院要逐步打开,实现内部道路公共化,解决交通路网布局问题,促进土地节约利用”。

新城控股高级副总裁欧阳捷对这项政策“很意外”,他对财新记者表示:“从欧美国家的经验来看,政策大方向毫无疑问是好的,《意见》的目的在于提高城市规划管理的水平。但是在社会保障还没完全解决好的前提下,强推街区制政策则可能出现一些问题。中国流动人口庞大,如果政策一刀切,安保问题的管理上将有较大压力。”

“对开发商来说,可能要重新考虑商业和住宅的配比问题。”四川省一位房地产开发人士对财新记者表示,“对小地块影响不大,对大地块而言,物业管理、楼栋的摆布、景观公共化将是要面临的问题”。

小区建好后,所有权不再仅仅属于开发商,“拆墙”的物业权矛盾将转移到业主和所聘物业委员会之间,及开发商下辖的物业公司。对于新建小区,道路公共化后反而让地块内部的规划更简单了。

小区内部道路公共化,政府拍地的各项指标预测将发生变化,这将直接导致土地出让金将减少。同时,小区的道路等设施交给市政来管,政府的财政负担增加,这些都将是政府要面对的问题。

更大的难题是责任和权益的变化。可以预见,道路和绿地景观的公共化将带来一系列现实问题。

目前绿地、道路也计入开发商拿地面积,由开发商进行统筹和规划。项目开发阶段这部分权益归开发商所有,开发完之后归业主所有。

街区制意味着政府出让地块只是楼栋,道路和景观绿化属于公共区域,由政府负责,责任发生了转变。当开发商失去了对绿地和道路的建设和使用权,建在小区道路和绿地的配电站,以及下面的地下车库和管网都要面临责任和权益的分配问题。

开发商也开始思考:地下空间的利用是否要重新规划?地下空间的拍卖是否会作为土地出让合同的附件?地下布局和收益怎么计算?欧阳捷表示:“开发商和政府应通过土地出让合同,把地下空间解决好。”

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