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医保巨额财政补贴风险渐显 个人缴费比例或上升

2016-01-11 09:15:11   央广网

随着医疗费用的上涨和保障水平的提高,医保基金中长期支出压力加大,居民医疗保险的巨额财政补贴风险正逐步显现。《经济参考报》记者了解到,2016年城镇居民基本医疗保险和新农合的个人缴费比例或将上升。专家认为,从筹资机制来看,财政补助已经占到筹资总额的四分之三左右,居民医保存在“泛福利化”倾向,未来应逐步改变目前个人与财政筹资责任失衡的局面,建立财政补贴与个人缴费的合理分担机制。

对此,《经济参考报》记者分别向人社部和卫计委发采访函,截至11日零时尚未得到回复。

出于对参保积极性等因素的考虑,多年来居民医保的个人筹资标准一直以很小的幅度上升,居民医保筹资的增长主要通过财政补贴的增加来实现,财政补贴与个人筹资的比重从最初的1∶1变成了目前的约4∶1。

《经济参考报》记者获得的数据显示,六年来城镇居民基本医疗保险人均财政补贴的增幅一直高于人均个人缴费增幅,从而使得人均筹资总额中财政补贴的比重越来越大,已经由2009年的60.8%增加到了2014年的79.3%,财政补贴与个人缴费之比已接近4∶1。2015年城镇居民医保政府补助标准为每人380元,个人缴费为人均不低于120元。

有业内人士担心,我国的居民医保已经出现了“泛福利化”倾向。

随着个人收入水平的不断提高,个人的缴费责任并没有相应提高,这给公众一种印象:居民医保主要是靠政府投入,似乎更像一种福利,而不是保险。据了解,一些地方政府有过财政投入与居民缴费同步增长的想法,却担心提高居民个人筹资会降低参保人的参保积极性,影响参保率。

“只要是保险,都要精算,精算自然是中性概念。原来制度过度依赖财政,好像天经地义,这是不对的,因为社会保险必须精算平衡,不能把保险当福利。”一位财政部人士表示,财政应该补贴居民医保,但不应该补贴到这样高的比例,未来应该降低财政补贴在居民医保筹资中的比例,“恢复到财政出一块,个人出一块。”

人社部社会保障研究所所长金维刚认为,居民医保目前筹资比例不合理,筹资水平的增长主要依靠财政,财政补助在整个筹资比例方面占的比重过大,个人缴费所占比重很小,会导致未来医保基金的压力越来越大。与此同时,大多数地区居民医保的报销比例可以达到70%甚至超过70%,与职工的报销比例也就相差10个百分点,而职工医保与居民医保在筹资方面相差几倍,这就导致筹资机制与医保待遇之间出现了一些扭曲的现象。

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