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“退休人员续缴医保”不是唯一选择

2016-01-05 16:16:30   新华网

财政部长楼继伟日前发表文章透露,正在研究实行职工医保退休人员缴费政策,建立与筹资水平相适应的医保待遇调整机制。多名专家认为,让退休人员缴纳医保费有一定的合理性,但前提是保障退休人员的收入不能再降低,因此必须同步配合养老保险制度的改革;现行《社会保险法》规定退休职工不缴纳医保费,如实行退休人员续缴医保,需要先修改《社会保险法》。

实行职工医保退休人员缴费政策,意味着对现行医保政策的一项重大改革。现行医保政策不是说不能改革,关键是在程序上要合法地改,在内容上要合理地改。无论是站在现在的退休人员的立场,还是站在未来的退休人员的立场,对公众而言,退休后继续缴医保,无异于在实行延迟退休政策上“更上一层楼”——延迟退休也便罢了,退休后还要继续缴纳医保,这难免会增加公众的参保负担,对不少人在情感上出现不情愿、产生不适应,应当予以充分的体察和理解。

从理性角度看,人无远虑必有近忧,老龄化社会已然快步走来,摆在我们面前的其实只有两种选择:一种是,任由医保的稀饭继续稀释到只剩清水的地步;另一种是,大家都往里面加点米以确保必要的浓稠。统计数据显示,截至2013年,我国已有225个统筹地区的城镇职工医保资金出现收不抵支,占全国城镇职工统筹地区的比例高达32%。所以,虽然有时还能读到“医保基金钱多到花不出去”之类新闻,但长远看来,医保被稀释成清水早已不是危言耸听,往医保的锅里加一些米,非常必要而且迫切。

关键的问题是:该怎么加米?退休人员继续缴费是一个路子,但要考虑到两个问题:一是大多数退休人员能否负担得起?当养老金成为他们唯一的收入来源,如果还要拿出一部分去缴医保,看似每月一两百并不多,但没准儿就会降低他们的生活质量。二是退休后继续缴医保,能否提高医保报销比例?或者说,参保者能额外得到什么好处?如果只是增加负担却没有好处,那等于是降低了参保的吸引力,若因此导致有人退保或者拒绝参保,可能会成为一个不小的社会问题。

在可预见的未来,随着医疗价格的提高特别是人工成本的高企,医疗费用很有可能成为退休人员最主要的开支。根据一份调查报告,美国退休人员中25%的受访者表示,他们一生的积蓄在5年内就因支付医疗开支而全部花光。要知道,这些美国退休人员也都是有医保的,而且在美国,有收入的退休人员确实仍要缴纳医保。我国的医保设计如何才能更好地保障退休人员的医疗需求,应该有一个通盘的考虑,而不只是将希望主要甚至全部寄托在退休人员继续缴费上。

在这个通盘考虑中,取消医保个人账户,避免池子里的米外流,应该是一个合理的选项。现在的医保个人账户大多被用于变相购买各种日用品,花费那么大的行政成本,先一个个收上来,转个弯存入医保个人账户,又让参保者都变法取出去,实在是多此一举。此外,取消公费医疗不能继续拖延磨蹭,这项改革需要雷厉风行全面实施,才能对得起公众的改革期待。要往医保池子里加米,大家就该一起来,而不能是普通职工原本医疗待遇就不高却要续缴医保,有人一分钱不出却能够享受最好的医疗待遇。

总之,实行退休人员继续缴医保,应该是穷尽一切手段(包括加大财政资金对医保补充力度)之后的无奈选择,而不是唯一的必须选择,更不是迫在眉睫的当务之急。这项改革即便势在必行,也要充分考虑退休人员的实际情况,设置各种档次的缴费标准供其自由选择,收入低于一定水平的贫困退休人员应当免缴。

责任编辑:梁新华 CN043
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