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美国的“战车体制”与结构性冲突下的中美关系

2017-08-30 15:36:53   瞭望智库

第三个100年的头50年,非西方国家反抗资本权力压迫,肢解了殖民主义世界体系,这就是20世纪中叶的社会主义建国运动和五六十年代的民族民主解放运动。在长达50年的冷战中,资本权力的本质一点没变,只是变赤裸裸的“经济主义”为柔性的“文化主义”——建构以“自由主义民主”为核心的“普世价值”,美国收获了意想不到的效果,打赢了一场“没有硝烟的战争”。曾最有力地反抗“经济主义”侵略的知识阶层却被“文化主义”俘获,相信只要实行“普世价值”就能解决问题。

3,结构性冲突下的中美关系

美国现在从南海到东北亚对中国采取战略遏制,也只不过是300年世界政治体系的结构性表现。300年来,英国-美国一直是世界政治体系中心,美国自然要极力维护这个体系而不容“挑战者”形成“新中心”——即便后来者坚决不相信什么“修昔底德陷阱”的西式历史逻辑。

资本权力主导的国内结构以及由此塑造的世界政治秩序,是我们理解中美关系的出发点或最重要背景,这也是马克思主义世界政治理论、尤其是列宁帝国主义论的精髓。但在过去30多年,中国社会科学因“拿来主义”而丧失自主性,并导致了“殖民化问题意识”,那些刻画世界政治本质和本源的理论被忘却了,很多人都以美国那套形式主义的国际关系理论看待国际关系和中美关系,结果是离真相越来越远。

弄清了美国行为的国内体制根源以及美国主导的世界政治的性质,就应认识到,中美之间虽有巨大合作空间,尤其是贸易领域的相互依存度很高,但在根本上还有抹不去的深层次结构性冲突。况且,经济上的相互依存并不必然能避免国家间的结构性冲突,历史上欧洲国家的经济依存度一点不比今天的中美低,但欧洲国家之间依然爆发了两次世界大战。同样,即使中美之间经济依存度很高,也没能阻止美国战略家去搞排斥中国的TPP。

事实上,假设有天中国加入美国期许的“普世价值俱乐部”(虽然看不到这种可能性),中美之间的结构性张力也不会彻底消弭——正如当前的美俄关系,这是由300年世界政治的冲突性结构所决定的。

中美之间的结构性冲突直接影响着世界政治走向。是延续过去300年还是出现新拐点?让历史告诉未来。对当下人而言,只有理解美国行为的国内体制根源和世界政治的时代性,才能认清美国行为的“战车”属性,才能认识到合作与冲突必将是中美之间的常态关系。因此,动辄给讲“冲突”的人贴上民族主义乃至民粹主义的标签,不过是知识短缺而表现出的政治幼稚病,是一种虚假的政治幻觉。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
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