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收养关系不能靠口头协定

2017-09-01 06:55:55   中国青年网

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养女十年却成非法

市民刘女士很苦恼,自己的妹妹当初因为家庭原因将孩子送给她抚养,可是十多年过去了,现在妹妹和她争起了这个孩子的抚养权。未曾料到,因为当初在收养这个孩子时没有办理收养手续,辛辛苦苦养育了十多年的女儿,竟然是非法收养。这究竟是怎么一回事呢?

妹妹反悔了

案情回放:当年,刘女士妹妹在连生了两个女孩后,又生下了第三个女儿小丽,本来不好的家境更加拮据。刚好刘女士夫妇没有生育,看到妹妹家养育这么几个小孩实在困难,于是刘女士夫妇在征得妹妹一家人同意后,就将尚在襁褓的小丽带回家作为养女抚养。刘女士夫妇一直视小丽为自己的亲生骨肉,两家人也约定,不将此事告诉小丽,亲属间也不得将这一秘密告诉孩子本人或其他人。可不曾想到,十多年后秘密被公开了,妹妹竟争起孩子的抚养权来。

原来,刘女士妹妹的两个女儿与她不和,成年在外打工不回,而小丽聪明伶俐成绩又好,所以妹妹想要回自己以前送给姐姐的孩子。妹妹将自己是亲生母亲的事实偷偷告诉了小丽,而且想把小丽接回自己家。但是乖巧的小丽在得知实情后,对刘女士说尽管不是她亲生的但还是愿意做她的女儿。

小丽的态度让刘女士倍感欣慰,但是这时的刘女士发现,当初和妹妹没签协议也没去办手续。于是她决定带着小丽到公证处办一个事实收养公证。公证员听到这个情况后,明确告知刘女士,她收养小丽是在《收养法》实施以前,她和小丽之间的收养关系是不成立的,刘女士收养小丽是不合法的,不能办理事实收养关系公证。

可能读者会有疑惑,刘女士当初并不是通过不正当手段领养的小孩,养了十多年,现在小孩也同意跟她在一起生活,为什么他们这个收养关系就没成立呢?

公证员解读:说到收养关系的成立,必须要先搞清楚什么是收养关系。收养中的父母子女关系不是基于自然的血缘关系产生的,是把非血缘关系的人视作父母子女关系,这种关系属于法律拟制,就是说本来不是,但是通过法定程序将他人的子女收为自己的子女加以抚养,使原来没有直系血亲关系的人们产生了法律拟制的父母和子女关系。

收养关系的成立,既要符合实质条件,又要符合形式要件,这个形式要件就是要履行一定的法律程序。刘女士夫妇自己无子女,也符合其他法定收养条件,但是没有办理收养登记,他们和小丽在法律意义上的养父母养子女关系并没有建立起来。在本案例中,问题的症结就在于尽管刘女士养了小丽十多年,而且还养出感情了,但是没有履行相应的法定程序,还是未能形成具有法律意义的收养关系。

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