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新媒的吐槽太狠了:美国正在沦为发达国家中的病夫

2017-08-25 15:36:57   瞭望智库

迅速增长的贫困率、停滞不前的劳动生产率、贫富差距的迅速拉大和日益撕裂的社会.....曾经自诩“灯塔国”的美国怎么了?

本文转载自微信公众号“参考消息”(ID:ckxxwx)

新加坡《海峡时报》网站8月16日刊发题为《美国是发达国家中的病夫》的文章称,就大多数人口的实际生活水平而言,美国正日益成为发达世界中的穷国。在税收、劳动力市场、医疗、教育等方面,美国更多地成了一种警示的例子而不是光辉榜样。

文章称,国际货币基金组织(IMF)的经济学家们称,美国经济处于长期扩张时期,就业增长“持续强劲”,通胀“减缓”,以及接近“充分就业”。但与此同时:一段时间以来,美国很大一部分人口的家庭收入停滞不前,工作机会在恶化,向上流动的前景在减弱,经济成果日益流向已经富裕起来的群体。经济数据以及对美国与其他发达经济体的比较通常能证明这种感觉。

国际货币基金组织

1,贫困率高而生产率低

文章称,IMF将美国和经济合作与发展组织(OECD)的其他发达经济体进行了比较。总体来说,相对于OECD的其他成员而言,美国在生活标准的大多数指标上都在失去优势。而在美国没有失去优势的方面(贫困率、高中毕业率),它一开始就处于或接近最底端。

文章称,显而易见的信息是,就大多数人口的实际生活水平而言,美国——常常被宣称为世界最富有的国家,尽管实际上就人均而言并不是最富有的——正日益成为发达世界中的穷国。

近日发表的IMF与美国年度“磋商”评估报告中包括了这一观点。IMF的另一份报告——最新的《世界经济展望》报告引起了更多关注。但是这份磋商报告更有意思。

8月8日,行人从美国马里兰州巴尔的摩市一排废弃的楼房前走过。巴尔的摩市多年来饱受贫困、毒品、种族冲突和暴力犯罪困扰。(法新社)

文章称,该报告之所以有意思,不是因为IMF的经济学家们发现了令人震惊的新信息,或者对改善美国的相对地位有特别惊人的想法,而是因为作为外人,他们至少提出了不同的视角,与每天在国会听到的不同。例如,收入两极分化抑制了消费,影响了劳动力供给,降低了家庭适应冲击的能力。贫困率高企正在教育体系中造成差异,阻碍人力资本的形成,并侵蚀未来的生产率。

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