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库尔德人搅动中东 美国这步棋要怎么下?

2017-08-25 07:01:56   新华网

美国国防部长詹姆斯·马蒂斯23日到访土耳其,会见土耳其国防部长菲克里·厄舍克和总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安。除去地区反恐和北约合作,双方还是绕不开库尔德人这个话题。埃尔多安再次向美方重申土耳其立场,反对美军武装叙利亚库尔德武装,反对伊拉克库尔德自治区举行独立公投。

多名土耳其总统府官员告诉法新社记者,埃尔多安接见马蒂斯时明确表示,土耳其对美国军事援助“叙利亚民主军”感到不安。“叙利亚民主军”是一支库尔德人和阿拉伯人组成的“杂牌军”,主要力量是库尔德武装“人民保护部队”。

“人民保护部队”被美方视作打击极端组织“伊斯兰国”的“靠谱伙伴”。美军一直在向“人民保护部队”提供武器和军事训练。但土耳其把“人民保护部队”视为库尔德工人党在叙利亚的分支,也是“恐怖组织”。

今年5月,美国国防部宣布,总统唐纳德·特朗普已经批准国防部向“人民保护部队”提供火力更强的武器,以确保后者能顺利攻下拉卡。土耳其方面对此反应强烈。马蒂斯当时专门赴土耳其安抚这一北约盟友。

埃尔多安23日接受《自由报》采访时表示,土耳其将“不惜一切代价”,阻止库尔德人在叙利亚北部自治甚至建国。土耳其也坚决反对伊拉克库尔德自治区(库区)举行独立公投,担心分裂主义波及本国的库尔德人。土耳其东南部接壤叙利亚、伊拉克和伊朗的省份有上千万库尔德人。

马蒂斯当天则说,美方理解土耳其的“合理担心”,并且反对伊拉克库区独立。马蒂斯同时敦促各方把主要精力放在打击“伊斯兰国”上。

马蒂斯前一天先后访问了巴格达和库区首府埃尔比勒。他会见了库尔德领导人马苏德·巴尔扎尼,向其转达美方反对库区独立公投的立场。库区定于9月25日举行公投。多名不愿公开姓名的消息人士告诉路透社记者,伊拉克中央政府和美国政府正试图游说库尔德人推迟或取消公投。

土耳其外交部长梅夫吕特·恰武什奥卢23日也访问了巴格达和埃尔比勒,向库区表明土耳其的反对立场。

库尔德人是中东地区仅次于阿拉伯、突厥和波斯民族的第四大民族,是西亚最古老的民族之一,总人口约3000万,主要分布在土耳其东南部、伊朗西北部、伊拉克北部和叙利亚东北部。虽然人口众多,但库尔德人没有自己的国家,一战以来一直在为建国举事,但均以失败告终。(王宏彬)(新华社专特稿)

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