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阿里市值别只归功于自己,背后是中国电力和劳动力

2017-08-10 10:03:52   中国经济网

【本文转自微信公众号“科工力量”(ID:guanchacaijing)】

日前,阿里巴巴股价收涨3.59%,市值达到4044亿美元,成为亚洲第一家市值超越4000亿美元的上市公司。与美国苹果、谷歌、微软、亚马逊、Facebook等公司一并成为市值超越4000亿美元的科技公司。

阿里巴巴能够取得这一成就,一方面离不开阿里巴巴员工的辛劳与付出,也离不开资本市场对互联网企业的青睐,更仰仗于中国庞大的人口,良好的教育,便捷的交通,稳定的电力保障,PC和智能手机的普及,遍布全国的通信网络覆盖和发达的制造业。

阿里巴巴市值超4000亿美元

庞大的人口数量和人口分布不均衡为电商崛起创造条件

中国电子商业能够发展起来,和中国人口数量庞大和人口分布不均衡有密切关系。庞大的人口数量对电商而言有两个促进因素,一是有充足的劳动力,有效降低物流、快递的劳动力成本。二是可以提供异常广袤的消费市场。

而人口分布的不均衡又促进了电子商务的发展。中国绝大多数人口分布在漠河腾冲线以东,东部沿海地区人口密集,而且部分大城市还存在人口高度集中的情况。

物流业有一个准则,就是人口密度决定了配送成本。人口密度越高,则日包裹配送量越大,物流成本可以被配件数量平摊,分摊到每个网购消费者身上就越低。在人口高度密集的区域,在网购被广泛接受的情况下,物流成本可以被挤压的忽略不计,淘宝上各种“江浙沪包邮”也就是这个原因。正是东南沿海地区和大城市高密度的人口分布,使物流业的成本大幅降低,民众在网购中可享受包邮的优惠服务。

相比之下,在这方面中国相对于美国具有优势。美国的快递人力成本比中国要高,加上美国相对于中国而言地广人稀,因而在快递成本上要比中国高很多。除了价格之外,美国的快递公司在服务质量上也无法与国内快递公司相媲美。

在服务质量上,有留学生将快递公司评价为“隐身派”、“飞天派”等流派。“隐身派”指的是快递时不时丢失,或者是快递员把包裹放在隐秘的地方,但就是不打电话告诉你快递已经送达,或者是不告知包裹的具体位置。“飞天派”则是指把包裹放在屋顶上,不管收件人是否方便取下来。

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