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台湾拟修改“公投法” 将给“法理台独”留下空间

2016-05-13 07:39:46   环球网

纳入“领土变更”

【环球时报驻台北特约记者张云峰环球时报记者张怡然】台湾“立法院内政委员会”11日审查“公民投票法”部分修正草案,初步达成共识,将全台性公民投票适用事项增列“领土变更案之复决”,并新增两岸政治协议事前、事后都必须经由全民公投才能换文生效。这无疑触动了两岸关系的敏感神经。

据台湾《联合报》12日报道,“时代力量”及民进党“立委”叶宜津等人抛出的“公投法”修正提案,都将全台性公投适用事项增列“领土变更案之复决”。虽然日前“行政院秘书长”简太郎直言不妥,但也认为民进党即将完全执政,行政部门没有理由再反对。11日审查时,仅行政部门代表、民进党及“时代力量立委”到场,国民党“立委”全面弃守。“中选会主委”刘义周称,“中选会”仅是执行部门,没有赞成或反对,基本上尊重“立委”的意见。报道提及,“中华民国宪法”明定“领土变更与修宪案都必须由立法院1/4立委提出后,经1/4立委出席、出席立委1/4同意,公告半年再交由人民复决,有效同意票超过选举人总额半数,才能通过”。

值得关注的是,根据“公投法”初审条文,两岸之间的政治协议,应先由“总统”经“行政院院会”决议,交付“中选会”办理公投,通过后才能开始进行协商;其次,签署的协议文本,须经“立委”3/4出席、出席“立委”3/4同意通过后,再由“国会”于10日内交付“中选会”办理公投,有效同意票达选举人总额半数,才可换文生效。提案说明称,鉴于两岸关系特殊,为确保“台湾主权”不受侵犯,两岸政治协商应获高度民意支持,“凡涉及国家主权、国家安全之政治协商,如建立军事互信机制、结束敌对状态、安排阶段性或终局性政治解决、划定或分享疆域、决定我国在国际上之代表或地位等,皆须经两阶段公投”。《中国时报》12日直言,上述规定门槛之严苛,更甚于现行的“鸟笼公投”,“两岸和平、军事互信协议等深水区谈判几乎无望”。

至于公投通过门槛,修正案同意将现行投票权人总数1/2以上,且有效票数超过1/2同意才算通过的“双21门槛”,调降为只要同意票多于不同意票,且达总选举人数的1/4即算通过。《自由时报》12日称,以“公投法”制定至今举办过的6次全台性公投而言,均因投票率未过半而未获得通过。但如果按照新修标准来看,仅2008年举行的“讨党产”“反贪腐”等公投,同意票未达1/4;2004年举办的“强化国防”“对等谈判”等“防御性公投”,以及2008年举行的“入联”“返联”等公投,同意票都达到1/4,均算通过。此外,会中还达成共识,将公投投票年龄下修至18岁。即年满18岁的台湾人,除“宪法”另有规定、未受监护宣告者外,都有公民投票权,“但领土变更及修宪等复决案不在此列,仍须年满20岁”。

《联合报》12日注意到,台湾“公投法”修正草案初审通过的消息一出,马上被陆媒引用报道,并在文中重申大陆官方反对任何形式的“台独”分裂活动的立场,“显示审查公投法进程已挑动两岸敏感神经”。

社科院台湾研究所研究员王建民12日接受《环球时报》采访时表示,如果民进党真的要把“领土变更”纳入公投,那么就是给未来“法理台独”留下巨大的空间,这是非常危险的。他直言,公投泛滥对台湾社会本身也会造成很大的威胁,甚至把台湾搞垮。至于修正案规定对两岸协商严加审查,王建民说,这预示着接下来蔡英文上台后两岸的协商将变得几乎不可能,协商、协议变得非常不容易,在客观上会阻碍两岸关系的发展;尤其是如果把它写进法律修正案中,就会变成长期性的东西,一旦涉及重大协议,如两岸统一问题等,就会直接阻碍两岸的协商。

责任编辑:翟明 CN040
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