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傅京燕:东莞转型具标志性意义

2018-06-27 09:49:17    环球时报

原标题:傅京燕:东莞转型具标志性意义

在中国的对外贸易发展史上,东莞曾具有突出的样本意义,作为曾诞生全国第一批“三来一补”工厂的新兴城市,随着大量的外资企业纷至沓来,赢得了“世界工厂”的美誉。

但在2008年全球金融危机后,东莞也面临着成本上升、企业向外转移所造成的巨大困惑。如何从世界工厂向创新驱动型经济转型,实现数量向质量的飞跃,对于东莞以及与东莞相似的其他城市都有着广泛的意义。

目前来看,东莞如何在广深科技走廊中找好定位,持续发挥东莞的洼地优势同时又避免洼地劣势,这都是当地政府所面临的问题。在存量经济上,由于土地资源约束,现有工业园区的二次开发是东莞经济实现高质量发展的抓手,也是盘活现有土地和优化城市形态的引擎。已有的工业园区如何升级改造,包括产业层次的提升,以及宜居宜业环境的提升,使得生产、生活、生态协调发展,打造一个美丽城市样本,把加工贸易转型升级为世界级的典范,这些都是东莞面临的挑战。

在珠三角地区,相对于广深,东莞目前还是一块价值洼地,劳工成本、要素成本、厂房成本都远远低于广深。尤其是东莞处于粤港澳大湾区的几何中心位置,去往广州、香港等任何一个大城市,东莞的车程基本上都是30分钟,这是一个难得的区位优势。

另外,东莞的营商环境国内靠前,整个城市的经济竞争力也在全国前列。东莞政府的办事效率、企业家精神在全国各城市中非常突出,各级政府工作人员工作务实,迫切希望实现东莞的二次腾飞和二次开放。

举世瞩目的大湾区规划出台,东莞又面临新的重大历史时机,如何抓住机遇,找好定位,将非常关键。照经济学理论,如果中心城市对东莞这样的非核心城市没有一个非常好的支持,优势资源可能会流向中心城市,这将对东莞不利。作为国际制造业名城,东莞如何与核心城市分工协作,发挥各自的核心竞争力,打造高端制造业集群,在广深走廊上找到更大发展空间,这是一个很重大的课题。

另外,在制度创新上,在粤港澳大湾区的规划中能否给包括东莞在内的非核心城市更多的发展空间或者提升,这也将对东莞经济的进一步转型起到重要作用。(作者是暨南大学经济学院教授)


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