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美中形成“人才环流” 对华科技管控危及自身创新

2018-06-14 11:45:13    参考消息

原标题:美媒文章:美中形成“人才环流”对华科技管控危及自身创新

参考消息网6月13日报道 美国《华盛顿邮报》网站6月11日发表文章称,特朗普将矛头对准中国科技领域,这可能损害美国自身的创新。

文章指出,5月底,特朗普政府宣布了有关计划,透露将实施新的投资限制,并加强对中国个人和实体的出口管制。据报道,美国政府还打算缩短发放给一些中国公民的签证,尤其是那些在受到北京重视的高科技领域学习的人。这些变化预计都会在未来几周内宣布。

文章称,目前仍不清楚特朗普政府将如何实施这些新措施。然而,显而易见的是,这些干预针对的是全球创新一些大不相同的方面。虽然中国在美国的投资仍然有限,但中国在美学生和访问学者在两国的科技进步中均发挥着并将继续发挥越来越重要的作用。

文章称,近年来,中国学生大批涌入美国高校。美国国际教育学会称,2016年到2017年,美国有超过35万名中国学生,占所有国际学生的约三分之一。这一数字是十年前的五倍多。

文章指出,中国学生不仅为理工科研究生项目带来了资金,而且还带来了相当多的才能和活力。事实上,从1995年到2015年,中国学生在美国大学获得的理工科博士学位比印度和韩国学生的总和还要多。

文章称,虽然中国博士生通常会选择留在美国,但现在越来越多的中国海外留学生正返回祖国。北京称,回国的留学生人数已经接近近年出国学生总人数的80%,而2007年这一数字仅为31%。这项转变反映出中国所能提供的机会以及在美国获得工作签证的难度增加。

文章认为,中国也受益于访问学者的双向流动。2017年,美国国务院向来自中国的个人发放了39038张J-1签证,是“交流访问者项目”下向英国公民发放签证数量的近两倍。此类签证通常要求签证持有人在该项目结束后至少要回国待满两年。

文章指出,中美之间的这种“人才环流”已经推动科学领域的合作大大增加。美国国家科学基金会称,美国科学家和工程师2016年与中国同行合作发表的文章达到近4.4万篇,远远超过他们与其他国家同行合作发表的文章数量。

文章认为,加强管控可能会破坏富有成效的合作,同时并不能有效保护美国的技术领先优势。例如,对中国学生和访问学者的更严格限制可能会减少美中之间的双向人才流动。


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