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美朝需要能够识别、接住对方的善意

2017-08-25 13:59:29   环球时报

近日,对朝鲜半岛局势出现“缓和迹象”的议论在美国和西方舆论中多了起来。平壤方面23日发布的消息说,朝鲜领导人金正恩视察了朝鲜从事洲际导弹弹头和推进器研发的研究所,指示要大量生产火箭发动机和弹头,这被认为是朝方对美韩“乙支自由卫士”联合军演的回应,不过外界的解读同时强调,金正恩没有重申攻击美国本土。

在华盛顿,蒂勒森国务卿突出提到,朝鲜有两个星期没搞核导试验了,并且说他很高兴看到平壤政权确实表现出一定程度的克制。特朗普也说:“我重视他正开始尊重我们的事实。”

以往华盛顿总是关注朝鲜的强硬和“挑衅”,这次它总结放大朝鲜的克制,并积极给予肯定,美方的这一对朝态度非常罕见。美朝的互动没有规则,都是试探着来的,但当下双方摸索互动的方向与前段时间彼此严重升级口水战时已经大不相同。

“乙支自由卫士”联合军演正在进行中,但它的规模比去年是减小的。这与金正恩视察生产导弹的研究所,但是在两周时间里不发射导弹,是“对称”的吗?大概也是也不是,双方的调整都被对方看到了,它们是可以作为一个新进程的起步的。但这样的落子能不能成局,尚难预见。

半岛问题中最缺的是互信,长期以来朝鲜和美韩都在为最坏情况做准备。由于缺少为最好情况的努力来平衡最坏的准备,半岛局势只有对抗姿态的堆积,不断接近临界点。

美朝都不想开战,这是局势的最后闸门。它又一次阻止了美朝军事摊牌的假戏真做,并为局势缓和创造了隐约可见的台阶,接下来要看美朝是否朝那个台阶迈步了。

半岛问题的大部分主动权被握在美国手里,原因很简单,它的实力最强,又有美韩同盟做杠杆,如果华盛顿真想缓和半岛局势,可以出的牌很多。平壤即使咄咄逼人时,实际也是在以攻为守,迫使华盛顿关注朝鲜的安全权利和诉求。它主动对美韩发动战争的理性逻辑并不存在。

美国将平壤两个星期没发导弹评价为朝方的“克制”和对美方的“尊重”,这比要求朝鲜必须先停止核导试验才能与之谈判,似乎隐含了美朝开启对话进程“新的条件”。美方大概不会公开说它准备放宽与朝鲜对话的条件,但实际的放宽是否在发生呢?这需要平壤接下来的互动进一步塑造。

当前最重要的是美朝都去发现对方善意的探测气球,接对方的招,也发自己善意的气球来回应。未来一段时间,美韩方面应继续控制军演的规模,减少刺激性军事活动,管好官员的嘴巴。朝方则应接着克制导弹发射活动,培育与美方的相互善意识别方式。

历史上有过很多人们为了避免一种糟糕可能性而陷入另一种糟糕现实的悲剧,美朝有成为这种情况最新案例的危险。朝鲜要防止被颠覆,美国要防止遭朝鲜导弹的攻击,但双方有可能为防战争而陷入战争,彼此在都不想打的时候被迫打成一团。

中国提出“双暂停”建议,美朝都怕自己暂停了会鼓励对方的嚣张,因此它们在口头上都很消极。希望它们会摸索着朝“双暂停”的方向曲折移动,那里是摆满美朝都想要的东西的真正驿站。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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