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燕鸣:可燃冰开采技术突破意味着什么?

2017-05-22 15:06:08   千龙网

南海昨天传来振奋人心的消息:我国成为全球首个连续稳定试开采海域可燃冰的国家。

可燃冰这个概念对很多人很陌生。它是一种清洁能源,能量是煤的十倍,污染甚至比天然气都要小,被国际公认为石油、天然气的接替能源。可燃冰一般分布在深层海域或有冻土的陆地。据报道,我国蕴藏的可燃冰相当于1000亿吨油当量。这是什么概念?我国目前探明的可开采石油储量大约60多亿吨,也就说,可燃冰的藏量是石油开采量的16倍左右。

当然,现在只是试开采,还远没有到商业化的那一步。事实上,我们自己预计在2030年前后才能进行商业化开采。但是这个光明的前景带给我们无限希望。目前,包括美国、加拿大、日本、印度和韩国都在准备试开采,我们只是获得了国际竞争的先手棋,还并不能掉以轻心,应该在开采技术方面进一步攻坚克难,让开采成本降低。

事实上,谁能够最先将这一能源商业化、产业化,并且制定相关开采技术标准,谁才是最大的赢家;谁的开采成本能做到最低,也就是技术最先进,谁才可以说笑到了最后。党中央、国务院的贺电当中也说到,“试采成功只是万里长征迈出的关键一步,后续任务依然艰巨繁重。”

如果可燃冰能够商业化、产业化,那么对全球的能源格局乃至地缘政治的影响都将是巨大的。你想想,美国就是靠页岩油技术基本解决了能源瓶颈,甚至成为了石油出口国。如果我国的可燃冰实现了量产,对我们究竟意味着什么呢?

首先,中国在东部和南部的广大海域有了深度开发的能力,这对于我们解决东海、南海争端是有利的。目前,我们对海上领土争端的态度是“搁置争议,共同开发”,之前大家争,就是争未来的预期。现在中国有了可变现的技术,而其他国家没有,是不是只有合作才能从中分一杯羹?一旦周边国家纳入了我们提倡的政治解决框架,我国经济发展的外部政治环境将大幅改善。

第二,中国的能源瓶颈有望大幅缓解,有利于国家安全。我国目前每年需要大约5亿吨的石油,但是自我产油能力仅有2亿吨,石油对外依存率为60%。这对我们发展经济的制约很大。我们一方面要谋求石油来源地的多样,在中东、俄罗斯、非洲多处布点;一方面还要保证石油运输的安全和畅通,建设强大海军,开辟境外港口,与海峡沿岸国家保持良好关系等等。以往,我们在这方面消耗了大量的外交资源。而一旦可燃冰开采技术形成突破,我们未来进口石油的数量、节奏、供应方就可以随时调节,这会形成我们新的外交资源。

第三,获得一部分全球能源定价权。目前全球主要有三大原油期货交易中心。一个在英国伦敦,即北海布伦特交易期货;一个在美国纽约,即轻质原油期货;还有一个是新加坡的酸性原油期货。前两个是全球金融中心,所以很容易理解;新加坡扼守马六甲海峡,是中东原油进入东亚国家的必经之路,所以也能坐地喊价。我们国家2014年底开通了上海原油期货交易所,而就在一周多前,刚刚公布了原油期货交易规则,这意味着我国的上海原油期货今年就能推出。随着可燃冰开发的进度,我国有望在供给和需求两端都形成优势,我们的原油期货合约的影响力将大增,这有利于获取全球能源的定价权。

无论如何,可燃冰试开采取得成功,成为全球首个突破此类技术的国家,这是不争的事实。这些年我们在航空航天、军事科技、精密仪器、高端制造等多个高科技领域取得了一系列突破。而科技突破往往是开启下一个经济周期的标志。让我们祝福国运昌盛、国强民富吧。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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