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中国成功试采可燃冰,破解能源“锁喉”

2017-05-22 14:42:26   国际在线

可燃冰开采(资料题)

过去的很长一段时间里,中国的能源消耗都主要依靠从海外进口。尤其是近年来中国经济的高速发展,保障能源的供给对于中国而言变得越来越重要,同时这也暴露出一个问题,由于中国在海外的能源命脉需要经过各方势力的“家门口”,一旦国际局势紧张就有被“卡住”的风险,中国又该如何解决呢? 发展军事力量对海外能源通道进行保护只能治标,中国毕竟还不能像美国那样在全球设立军事基地。而最近中国对于海底可燃冰的试采成功,却提供了一个可以治本的方法。

5月18日,我国南海神狐海域天然气水合物(又称“可燃冰”)试采实现连续187个小时的稳定产气,这是我国首次实现海域可燃冰试采成功。标志着我国成为全球第一个实现了在海域可燃冰试开采中获得连续稳定产气的国家。可燃冰是一种由水和天然气在高压、低温情况下形成的类冰状结晶物质,相比传统的海底石油、天然气,可燃冰虽然被重视的较晚,却是一种“高潜力”能源。

从燃烧值来说,1立方米的可燃冰分解后可释放出约0.8立方米的水和164立方米的天然气,燃烧产生的能量明显高于煤炭、石油,而且燃烧后仅会生成少量的二氧化碳和水,不会像煤炭和石油产品燃烧时释放出粉尘、硫化物、氮氧化物等环境污染物,所以被誉为21世纪最理想的清洁能源。

同时可燃冰的资源储量丰富,其广泛分布于全球大洋海域,以及陆地冻土层和极地下面。估算其资源量相当于全球已探明传统化石燃料碳总量的两倍。

正是因为能源对于国家发展的必要性以及可燃冰的巨大潜力,因此可燃冰成为了重要的战略资源,各国争相研发对其开采技术。其中,美国、加拿大在陆地上进行过试采,但效果不理想。日本于2013年在其南海海槽进行了海上试采,但因出砂等技术问题失败。2017年4月日本在同一海域进行第二次试采,第一口试采井累计产气3.5万立方米,5月15日再次因出砂问题而中止产气。与之相比,中国的可燃冰研究起步要晚到1998年,但目前以实现反超。在1998年立项后,1999年我国就开始了南海和陆地冻土区的可燃冰调查工作,2007年就在神狐海域钻获可燃冰,这使得我国成为继美国、日本、印度之后,第四个通过国家级研发计划在海底钻获可燃冰的国家。2015年,我国科技工作者在神狐海域准确定位了两个可燃冰矿体。2016年,地质调查工作人员围绕试采在神狐海域开展钻探站位8个,全部发现可燃冰。

此次中国可燃冰的试采成功,对于破解中国能源困局意义重大。

首先这意味中国的可燃冰采集技术已经过关,在能源利用上又多了一条新途径,有助于在高速发展国民经济的同时较少环境的污染。

更重要的是,中国的可燃冰蕴藏量丰富。据研究表明,中国全国可燃冰资源储存量约相当于1000亿吨油当量,而南海海域是中国可燃冰最主要的分布区,其中有近800亿吨就在南海海底。随着中国对于南海的把控能力不断增强,南海地区很可能成为中国的主要可燃冰来源。其巨大的储量以及可燃冰的高能,可以有效降低中国对于海外能源的依赖。同时由于南海到中国大陆的距离远比中东等产油地近得多,在未来局势紧张之时外部势力难以阻断。因此可燃冰的成功试采对中国能源安全具有重要意义。(文/兰顺正)

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