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基本面不“发令” 债市继续“横着走”

2017-10-12 07:27:54   

进入四季度,债券市场开局不利,周初的大跌显示定向降准给予的朦胧利好终究抵不过内外部现实压力。综合机构分析来看,名义增长高点、流动性冲击、政策叠加风险等考验都已过去,债市已度过最艰难时刻,利率运行的区间上限基本清晰,但要突破下限,依旧缺乏基本面的有力支持,趋势性机会还需等待,结合四季度供给压力、流动性波动风险与海外债市动向来看,市场波动可能难免,谨慎之心不可无,但若利率接近前期顶部,也可考虑把握增持机会。

朦胧利好不敌现实压力

今年以来,债券市场表现弱势,仅有的几波上涨来也匆匆去也匆匆,市场一致行为导致行情演绎很快、把握难度很大,最终被套者也不少。三个季度过去,不少机构未能实现业绩目标,因而四季度成为博收益、定排名的关键时期,加上基本面可能出现有利变化,市场对四季度债市机会不免多了几分期许。“十一”长假前,央行火速宣布定向降准,更增添想象空间。

但出人意料的是,10月债市开局不利,长假后首个交易日竟遭遇大跌。10月9日,10年期国债期货收跌0.36%,创3个月来最大单日跌幅;10年期国债活跃券成交利率上行近4BP,升至1个月高位。近两日,债市稍稍走稳,持续窄幅震荡,表现乏善可陈。

央行预告定向降准,债券市场反而走弱,显示定向降准给予的朦胧利好终究抵不过内外部现实压力。

一方面,定向降准是尚待兑现的利好,且利好程度或有限。该项政策要到2018年才开始实施,对短期流动性几无实质影响,且综合各方分析来看,该项政策是对既有定向降准政策的拓展和优化,可能释放的增量流动性应不会超过一次普降存准的规模,再考虑到央行可能安排配套的对冲操作,预计不会实质性改变流动性水平。有机构认为,相比对资金面的利好较虚,定向降准对实体面的利好更实,因此不宜过于乐观解读其对债市的影响。还有机构指出,延迟式的降准意味着在落地前,可期待的货币政策宽松更少了。

另一方面,短期债市面临的内外部现实压力仍不容忽视。首先,本周初资金面偏紧,定向降准新政策对短期流动性无实质影响,而央行维持稳健中性货币政策,决定了流动性难以脱离“不松不紧”的范畴。跨月后,在回购集中到期、同业存单滚动发行、例行缴准等影响下,短期资金面一度很紧张,打压债券市场情绪。其次,基本面对债市助力不明显,9月官方制造业PMI指数创2012年以来新高,且连续12个月保持在51%以上,显示经济增长仍有韧性,季月经济数据冲高的现象有可能再现。海外主要经济体数据同样表现不俗,全球经济复苏小共振的格局依旧存在。再者,靓丽经济数据与特朗普税改取得阶段性进展,提振市场风险偏好,海外股市表现抢眼,美元震荡走强,美债收益率上行,海外市场表现于债市不利。最后,财政部于9月底披露第四季度国债发行计划,引发市场对四季度利率债供给压力的关注。

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