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跌势放缓 人民币汇率展现韧性

2017-09-28 08:07:51   

9月27日,人民币兑美元汇率连续第五日走低,但跌势放缓。市场人士指出,美元止跌迹象已比较明显,增添了后续人民币汇率走势的不确定性,但汇率有所调整后,前期积压结汇需求也会释放,可对汇价起到一定支撑,结合内外因素看,人民币再现大幅贬值的概率很低。

人民币“五连跌”

9月27日,人民币兑美元汇率中间价设于6.6192元,连续第四日下调,并创出8月30日以来新低。

受中间价调低和美元继续走强影响,27日,人民币兑美元即期汇率早盘继续低开,不久跌破6.64元关口,但随后跌势放缓,转为上下波动,16:30收盘价报6.6350元,较前收盘价跌45点,高于前夜盘收盘价6.6400元。

外汇交易人士称,虽然在岸人民币兑美元汇率连续第五日走低,但跌势已放缓。同样值得注意的是,27日人民币中间价虽连续第四日调低,但要高于市场机构预测值。

27日,离岸人民币汇率跌势也要大于在岸人民币。昨日香港市场上,人民币兑美元即期汇率于亚市交易时段反复震荡,进入欧洲交易时段,跌幅扩大,截至北京时间19:20,离岸人民币兑美元报6.6431,较前收盘价跌149点。

在连涨两日后,27日,国际市场上美元指数继续走高,且涨势有加速的迹象,市场对特朗普即将公布的税改计划抱有一定期待。昨日午后离岸人民币走弱,显然受到了美元指数上涨的打压,但也进一步衬托了在岸人民币展现出的“韧性”。

贬值的三种解释

之前涨也匆匆,最近跌也匆匆。9月中旬以来,人民币对美元已回调超过1700点,接近3%,几乎将前期快速升值积累的涨幅回吐殆尽。关于这一轮人民币贬值,市场上说法不少,比较受认可的解释主要有以下三种:

其一,前期人民币升值过快,央行态度转变,促使汇价合理纠偏。从8月28日到9月8日,短短10个交易日,人民币对美元升值2028点,升值幅度达3.04%,同期,美元指数只下跌1.32%,欧元、日元分别对美元升值0.98%和1.38%。眼见人民币汇率逐渐形成往升值方向超调的苗头,监管层调整部分外汇管理政策、“逆周期因子”也开始过滤“非理性预期”,引发市场预期的转变,推动人民币估值纠偏。

其二,美元企稳反弹。从8月以来,美元指数跌势已经放缓,过去两个月以低位盘整为主,最近在美联储宣布缩表、升息预期反弹及特朗普税改等因素影响下开始反弹。

其三,企业购汇实需和长假出游购汇需求释放,导致了短期外汇市场供求变化。

综合来看,最近人民币调整可能受到上述三种因素的共同影响。人民币过快升值,逐渐与经济基本面和国际汇市变化出现了背离,埋下了回调的隐患,而美元企稳导致前期人民币升值的主要背景发生变化,同时伴随着人民币快速升值,购汇实需释放,进一步增添人民币回调压力。

分析人士指出,在回调近3%之后,人民币前期“超涨”的部分基本得到修正,但短期仍面临美元升值带来的压力。往后看,今年前7个月美元调整充分,看空情绪浓厚,市场预期过于单边,倘若未来出现超预期的利好,比如美联储加快紧缩或者特朗普新政实现突破,不排除美元走出一波反弹,将给人民币汇率带来压力。

但该分析人士也表示,人民币汇率预期已出现分化,经济增长具备韧性、企业盈利改善、企业去杠杆将为人民币提供基本面支撑,美元或有反弹但难言反转。另外,27日的中间价设置及在岸价走势,显示人民币过快贬值同样可能面临政策纠偏。综合内外因素来看,人民币汇率再现大幅贬值的概率很低,眼下的回调可能只是汇价重归双向波动的一环。

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