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新规频出 银行收紧股票质押门槛

2017-09-24 07:26:51   中国经济网

而有些银行设置的门槛更高。据了解,平安银行上海地区基本不会考虑为轻资产的企业质押股票,因为该行认为轻资产企业无法确定其投向,因此股票质押业务主要以实业为主。交通银行目前也对股票质押业务采取比较谨慎的态度,只会考虑大蓝筹、白马股,中小板股票股价比较高,风险比较高,基本上不会考虑。

加快流转存量业务

银行股票质押业务的收紧源于过去一年,新规紧箍咒频念,股票质押受到多方面冲击。

9月8日,《股票质押式回购交易及登记结算业务办法(2017年征求意见稿)》发布意见稿,明确规定股票质押率上限不得超过60%,单一证券公司、单一资管产品作为融出方接受单只A股股票质押比例分别不得超过30%、15%,单只A股股票市场整体质押比例不超过50%。上述广发银行深圳分行的人士对经济观察报记者表示,该意见稿不仅对券商适用,银行也要遵循相关规定。“现在规矩越来越多,监管比较严,银行自己也要考虑股票流动性的风险,如果股票处置不了银行就亏了。”

无独有偶,去年资管“八条底线”细则发布后,股票质押式回购业务已经受到杠杆水平的限制;今年5月27日,证监会发布《上市公司股东、董监高减持股份的若干规定》,进一步规范股东减持行为,股票质押同样纳入新规范畴。多项新规的共同制约下大股东集中质押的场内质押式回购业务的平仓受限,股票质押市场平均质押率水平下行,流动性整体弱化,部分个股质押业务受到一定影响,受制于流动性削弱,质押规模或难再扩张。

过去,股票质押式回购因高流动性资产的质押及大股东的增信而具有较高的安全性,因此部分银行将其作为可以替代债券的标准化资产进行配置,但如今股票质押新规频出,削弱了银行底层资产流动性导致资产质量受损,银行面临股票质押业务存量资产质量下降和增量业务拓展受限的双重困境。

依靠资金规模优势获取收益空间在缩小,对于银行来说在资产端筛选和获取优质资产变得更加重要。增量业务则需要对股票抵押物、融资主体、资产预期收益率等提出更高的要求以弥补流动性风险,因此不少银行提高股票质押业务的门槛以应对这一风险。

那么对于存量业务,银行又该如何处置呢?兴业研究分析师林莎认为,重新评估资产的内在价值、加强资产的流转和处置或成为银行参与股票质押业务的新方向。基于底层资产的风险收益的识别,设计衍生品流转交易,获取风险分散化和资产重定价的收益差价。“新盈利增长点源于金融市场信用再创造效应:将流动性较差的银行资产变成可交易买卖的金融资产进行融资,而后融资资金再投资形成新的资产,带来大量潜在的信用扩张倍数,拉长信用资金链条,金融市场总体流动性迅速上升。在此过程中,银行可获得不同期限、货币种类、利率水平的其他金融资产,扩大资产选择范围,并获得基于金融市场额外流动性信用创造的收益。”林莎表示。

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