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环境监测数据造假频出 国家再出招:“人为干预”将终身追责

2017-09-22 02:12:03   央广网

央广网北京9月22日消息(记者杜希萌)据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,生活环境关乎人类每天的一呼一吸。然而当前,地方蓄意干预环境监测这样自欺欺人的行为却有发生。

2016年3月,西安一些工作人员为降低污染监测数据,利用棉纱堵塞采样器干扰环境空气质量自动监测系统的数据采集。同年,湖北某工业废气重点监督排污单位多次要求运行维护服务公司帮助修改监测系统数据,并长期偷排大气污染物,导致环境监测数据质量问题突出。针对此类乱象,昨天,中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发了《关于深化环境监测改革,提高环境监测数据质量的意见》,对加强环境监测数据质量管理作出了全面规划和部署。

其实,早在2015年8月和去年9月,国家就先后发布了《生态环境监测网络建设方案》与《省以下环保机构监测监察执法垂直管理制度改革试点工作的指导意见》两份文件,内容都着眼提升环境监测能力。时隔一年,中央再次部署深化环境监测改革,内容有什么创新之处?为进一步保障环境监测数据的有效性、真实性,未来还将采取哪些措施?

今年6月,备受关注的“西安环境质量监测数据造假案”进行一审宣判。涉案7人因破坏计算机信息系统罪获刑,刑期从1年3个月到1年10个月不等。这起案件从发现之初,就引发公众与舆论的高度关注。作为环境监测人员,不但未能保障空气监测数据真实、可靠,反而因考核达标等原因,采用棉纱堵采样口致PM2.5浓度值下降30%至50%。中国工程院院士、清华大学环境学院院长贺克斌表示,这让原本应该为区域大气污染治理和重污染天气防治提供数据支撑的空气质量监测数据,失去了作用。

贺克斌:比如说重污染预测,预报不论如何都会有些误差,预报必须依靠和监测数据的比对,形成较为准确的判断,如果说是监测数据存在问题,那就无法达到这个效果。

刘志全表示,此次发布的《意见》明确,到2020年,我国要全面建立环境监测数据质量保障责任体系及环境监测数据弄虚作假防范和惩治机制,“人为干预”监测将终身追责。

刘志全:我们目前监测机构服务水平是良莠不齐,一些是利益驱动,还有的屈从于受委托方,(对监测数据)没有质量控制要求。针对这些情况,意见要求,要建立建立“谁出数谁负责、谁签字谁负责”的责任体系。采样分析人员和签字审核人员要对原始监测数据和监测报告终身负责。

《意见》还首次明确,地方党委和政府对防范和惩治环境监测数据弄虚作假负领导责任。今后,对弄虚作假问题突出的地方,环保部和省级环境保护部门可以公开约谈市政府负责人,责成当地政府查处和整改。刘志全表示,地方政府如出现干预环境监测机构和人员的情况,将被“留痕记录”。

刘志全:你如果干预了,那么现在检测人员是有记录的义务和责任的,如果你监测人员被干预了但没有记录,那么可能自己会受到相应处罚,这样为了保障监测人员能够独立自主的开展相应工作。

意见还要求,重点排污单位要依法安装使用污染源自动监测设备,定期检定或校准,自动监测数据要逐步实现全国联网。

同时将在污染治理设施、监测站房、排放口等位置安装视频监控设施,并与地方环境保护部门联网。中国环境监测总站副站长王义耀透露,全国1436个国控空气监测站点监测事权上收后,相关监测手段已在布局中,而目前正在上收的地表水监测事权完成后,也会采取技术监控手段最大程度杜绝人为干预监测的可能。

王义耀:目标是2018年7月份之前,我们要采取自动检测来对地表水国控断面基本进行全面监测。大气环境监测这方面,我们下一步(监测点位)能装上监控探头的地方我们都会装上,预计今年年底明年年初我们就会投入使用。

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