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新规频出 银行收紧股票质押门槛

2017-09-24 07:26:51   中国经济网

“股票质押现在不好做,规则多、监管严,银行自身也要考虑,股票质押考量的就是流动性的风险,如果股票处置不了银行就亏了。”广发银行深圳分行一位金融市场部的人士向经济观察报记者“吐槽”说。

去年以来针对股票质押的规定频出,对从事该业务的机构冲击较大。质押率不断下行,底层资产的流动性削弱,银行直接大规模参与股票质押的行为也受到抑制。

据经济观察报记者从交通银行、广发银行、平安银行、江苏银行等银行多地分支机构负责股权质押业务人士处了解到,银行目前已经对股票抵押物、融资主体、资产预期收益率等设置更高的门槛以弥补流动性风险。

增量业务绳索收紧

在股票质押市场,基本上是券商、银行、信托三分天下,其中,券商开展此块业务更为成熟、优势更大;相较于券商,银行的质押门槛会更高,例如券商对质押规模基本没有限制,但银行会要求上千万甚至上亿。

如今市场格局悄然发生变化,银行对股票质押业务的态度也有所分化,更强化收益识别,对质押成本有了更高的要求。在存量市场中,券商、银行和信托竞争激烈,一些投资公司也加入争食这块市场,给到融资主体的利率甚至低到6%左右。平安银行一位从事相关业务的人士对经济观察报记者表示,如果银行也开出这样的条件基本等于无利可图,银行还是倾向于做一些对它回报比较大的股票质押业务,融资主体可以接受比较高的利率也可能会做。

除了收益识别强化之外,银行对质押股票的风险、融资主体制定更高的门槛。经济观察报记者从多地银行了解到,以前银行会比较看重质押规模,如今更看重股票质押业务交易对象的优劣,例如质押股票的业绩、股价波动大小、融资人的偿还能力等等。“我们要对融资公司和股票的情况进行全面了解,股票的业绩、流动性、估值,融资主体的利润、是否牵涉诉讼、股东架构等综合判断才能决定是否质押一只股票。如果纳入中证500、沪深300指数的股票质押率会比较高,反之中小板的股票质押率会比较低。”广发银行广州、深圳两地从事股票质押业务的人士对经济观察报记者表示。

而流动性风险是银行较多考量的因素,江苏银行北京分行一位从事股票质押业务的人士向经济观察报记者介绍,股票质押分质押流通股和限售股,限售股质押率会非常低,流通股如果股票基本面比较好银行会给出稍微优惠一点的质押折扣;另外除了股票作为抵押物之外,可能会追加个人连带责任担保或者法人连带责任担保。

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