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加大场外质押融资监管力度

2017-09-23 07:01:56   中国经济网

《股票质押式回购交易及登记结算业务办法》22日征求意见结束,有望近期出台。该办法有助于堵住大股东“脱实向虚”资本运作的套路,金融从业者普遍拍手叫好。然而,如何制止大股东新的减持套现伎俩,把目前处于监管盲区的场外股票质押融资也纳入考量,是值得深入研究的问题。

此次发布的“征求意见稿”有两大亮点。

首先,对资金用途的限定非常明确:融入方融入资金存放于其在银行开立的专用账户,并用于实体经济生产经营,不得直接或者间接用于新股申购、买入上市交易的股票等。

此前,不少上市公司大股东质押融资,放杠杆、多融钱。融到资金后,投向其他产业,或购买高收益理财产品。如果今后对融入资金用途严加监管,股东“脱实向虚”的资本运作行为将大量减少,质押融资的规模必定受到影响。

其次,要求单一证券公司接受单只A股股票质押数量不得超过该股票A股股本的30%,单一资产管理产品接受单只A股股票质押的数量不得超过该股票A股股本的15%。同时,明确单只A股股票市场整体质押比例不得超过50%。为降低质押股票价格下跌带来的风险,明确质押率不得超过60%。也就是说,一只10元钱的股票,最多只能按6元以下质押融资;股本1亿股的股票,最多只能质押5000万股。上述规定将极大降低大股东资本运作的杠杆率。

值得注意的是,“征求意见稿”主要针对的是场内质押合作,虽然场外质押也在同步做出调整,但并非不能做高质押率融资。场外质押与场内质押渠道不同,目前可以说处于监管盲区。

所谓场内交易模式,是指由证券公司将交易双方的委托报给交易所交易系统,交易系统再将成交结果发送给中登公司,中登公司办理登记和清算交收。与场内交易相对的是场外交易,场外交易的操作主体不限于证券公司,还包括银行、信托、保险、基金子公司等。场外交易不通过交易所系统,而是直接到中登公司办理登记。

有从事场外质押融资的投资公司负责人反映,“征求意见稿”出台前一两个月,部分上市公司股东“突击”进行质押融资,甚至把持有的全部股票都押上。有些场外机构把质押率抬高至七折,且期限很短。有些利率甚至达到月息两分。这部分急于“套现”的股东可能是想钻“新老划断,可以延期”的空子,最大限度套取资金。

有些从事场外质押业务的机构,其资金来源除少部分从投资者处募集之外,大部分来源于包括银行在内的金融机构。股票一旦因质押率过高而“爆仓”,极易引发风险事件,威胁金融安全。业内人士建议,对于场外质押融资业务,监管部门应足够重视,避免重蹈场外配资覆辙。

业内人士建议,从几个方面加强对场外质押融资资金的监管。首先,摸清场外股票质押融资业务规模。其次,对场外股票质押融资得到的资金严加监管,限定用途;对场外股票质押应规定最高质押率和质押比例,并有相应处罚措施。场外股票质押机构,包括银行、信托、投资公司等,分别由不同监管机构监管,因此监管机构之间的协调监管不可或缺。

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