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利率走高难压制期债走势

2017-09-21 09:37:29   中国经济网

8月经济数据表现不佳,由于资金供求关系稳定,今年季末资金压力不大。在上述因素的作用下,国债后期价格或将反弹。

宏观数据下滑,避险需求上升

自2016年7月PMI报收于49.9点之后,国内的PMI始终在荣枯线上方运行,国内经济复苏的态势已经基本确立。从8月的经济数据公布的情况来看,国内的经济复苏的进程仍然非常坎坷。表现较好的方面是,8月国内的社会消费品零售总额为30329.7亿元,较7月上升719.9亿元,上升2.43%。国内进口总额1992.29亿美元,出口总额1572.38亿美元,均比7月增加。但是国家统计局公布的数据显示,8月规模以上工业增加值同比增速为6%,连续两个月下滑。除此之外,8月固定资产投资完成额为56740.51亿元,较7月下降64.143亿元,连续两个月下滑,经济仍然存在一定的下行压力。

整体来看,目前国内的投资正在放缓,消费和进出口在缓慢恢复。虽然消费已经成为目前占GDP总量比重最大的领域,但是国内的消费潜力不足,短期内很难成为持续推动国内经济增长的动力。进出口受制于国外主要经济体经济表现不佳和制造业回流的影响,对经济的贡献已经呈现负增长。因此,投资的下降对于国内经济的负面影响仍然较大。经济数据的下滑,对市场的投资热情形成了一定的压制,对固定收益资产起到了提振作用。除此之外,联合国在12日通过了对朝鲜的制裁协议。作为抗议,朝鲜在9月15日再次试射导弹,半岛局势再次紧张,进一步提振了市场对于避险资产的需求。

资金压力有限,压制作用偏弱

通常,临近季末和长假,受银行考核以及市场对于资金需求上升的影响,利率将会大幅走高。但是和往年的情况不同,9月底以来商业银行的整体流动性情况表现良好,偏低的存贷比及其他流动性指标都有所好转。因此,9月底市场对于资金的整体需求压力较小。另一方面,8月国内社会融资规模达到14791亿元,新增人民币贷款规模达到10900亿元,均远超市场预期。由于利率持续上升和季末的资金需求高峰造成市场对于后期融资成本上升的担忧,很多融资项目提前在8月进行。考虑到融资规模较大可能透支了后续的资金需求,因此后期的资金压力也相对较小。为了预防潜在的流动性风险,央行在上周末开始重启逆回购,本周延续逆回购的操作。市场整体资金压力不大,对国债的压制作用并不明显。

图为社会融资规模和新增人民币贷款(单位:亿元)

基于上文的判断,我们认为受经济数据表现不佳的影响,近期市场的资产配置或将趋于保守,这对于固收资产将会产生一定的提振作用。同时,地缘政治引发的潜在市场风险增加了市场的避险需求。虽然季末资金需求高峰临近,但是考虑到今年的资金供求关系好于以往,预计利率上升对于国债的压制作用有限。基于上述判断,笔者认为月底国债或将呈现振荡上行的走势。

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