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房地产投资增长韧性仍强

2017-09-20 09:37:10   中国经济网

今年以来宏观经济走势一波三折,市场普遍看涨时转入下跌,在市场看跌时转入上涨,新旧周期之争不断。对于供给侧的改革推动产能去化、供给收缩分歧不大,但是对于需求端的走势则看法各异,其中一个关键变量在于房地产。房地产投资和基建投资历来是支撑宏观经济总需求的支柱,尤其是在去产能严格推进的阶段。随着房地产政策趋严,市场对于房地产销售、投资增速下滑的担忧较大,由此看跌经济总需求,实际上房地产投资增速已经超预期,并且将继续维持偏高速度增长。

去年9月开始,全国范围内陆续推出房地产限购等政策,到今年3月开始又一轮更为严格的全方位调控政策,全国房地产销售出现较为明显的回落,尤其是一线城市销售下跌。一般而言,销售领先投资半年到一年时间,市场推断房地产投资会加速下滑,年初以来普遍预期今年房地产投资趋于下行。但今年从2月开始地产投资一直较为强劲。至7月底地产投资累计同比增长7.9%,虽然较4月高点有所回落,依然高于去年全年的增长6.9%。

地产投资可以拆分成四部分,即建筑工程投资、安装工程投资、设备工器具购置投资、其他费用投资,其中建筑工程投资、安装工程投资是地产投资中比较典型的组成部分,其他费用主要是以土地购置费为主。今年以来房地产企业土地购置面积显著上升,1—7月累计同比增加11.0%,不仅高于去年全年的-3.4%,更突破了2013年9月9.9%的前期高点。相应地,土地购置费也从去年全年的6.2%迅速攀升至1-7月的16.1%。另一口径的土地成交价款累计同比则高达41.0%。实际上,从对累计同比的拉动角度看,1—7月地产投资7.9%的增长中,单土地购置就贡献了2.8%。今年4月6日,住建部发布《关于加强近期住房及用地供应管理和调控有关工作的通知》,根据房地产库存去化周期,确定房地产供给的规模和节奏。由此,土地供应必然会增加。

当前对地产的宏观调控以去库存为主要目标,但结构性的补库存需求也是存在的,主要集中在一线城市和二线城市。虽然这些城市拥有严格的限购政策,但潜在需求依然强劲,经历了前期购房热潮,现有商品房库存也较低。此外,一二线城市土地供给扩大后,获得土地的地产开发商也必须在一定时间内推进开工。三四线城市的房地产库存去化也是较快的,房地产投资的空间被打开。

今年4月至年底地产投资总体略有回落,不会出现迅猛增长,也不会迅速跌落,全年增速在7%左右,并不会像市场预期的那样大幅下跌,房地产市场投资的韧性将超出市场预期。作为工业品需求的重要支撑,房地产投资维持偏高速增长,再叠加供给侧改革、环保限产,供需缺口继续朝着有利于上游工业品价格的方向演进。

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