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盘点A股半年报:小市值公司过于依赖非经常性损益

2017-09-17 08:06:37   中国经济网

盘点A股半年报:小市值公司过于依赖非经常性损益

欧阳辉 常杰

国家统计局发布的报告显示,2017年上半年,中国国内生产总值381490亿元,同比增长6.9%,预期为6.8%,经济呈稳健发展态势。截至2017年8月31日,中国A股上市公司半年报公布完毕,本文依据半年报数据对上市公司盈利情况进行实证分析,从市盈率和盈利增速的角度跟踪A股上市公司的市场价格与企业盈利之间的状态,观察经济发展的新动向。

我们对A股延续采用分市值大小建立组合,对比市盈率和盈利增速的方法进行分析,以下载于万得数据库的全部3346个A股股票作为分析对象。因为计算盈利增速TTM(又称为滚动市盈率)的需要,剔除337个未公布2015半年报的股票(多为新上市公司),剔除7个ST股票,剩余分析样本3003个。

计算结果显示,截至2017年8月31日,基于2017年的上市公司半年报盈利,整体组合的市盈率TTM为20,盈利增速TTM19.5%。从分市值组合的市盈率看,低于100亿市值的组合市盈率为67.1,显著大于整体水平;从分市值组合的盈利增速看,低于1000亿市值组合的盈利增长超过40%,显著大于1000亿以上市值组合。

2017年半年报显示25家银行业上市公司实现归属母公司股东的净利润7746亿元,同比增加4.92%,占当期上市公司总净利润的46.9%。银行及其他金融类上市公司净利润变动对整体净利润的影响太大,共74家予以剔除。2017年半年报显示中国石油和中国石化两家上市公司实现归属母公司股东的净利润397亿元,占当期上市公司总净利润的2.4%,也予以剔除。剔除这两类公司后,以期剩余2927家分析样本可以更好地反映实体经济企业的真实状况。

对比剔除前后的计算结果发现,整体市盈率从20上升至31.6,大幅上升;整体盈利增速从19.5%变成43.4%,盈利增速显著提升。说明金融类公司和石油石化的盈利对上市公司总体盈利有较大影响,不仅占当期整体盈利的比例超过50%,而且这两类公司的低市盈率拉低了市场整体市盈率,影响了对其它公司市盈率大小的判断。剔除这两类公司后的盈利增速显著上升,说明金融类公司和石油石化在过去的12个月里盈利增长慢于其他行业公司。

2017年半年报数据显示,1000亿市值以下各组合非经常性损益/盈利比率超过10%,特别地,100亿市值以下组合达到25.4%。说明小市值公司的盈利对于非经常性损益非常依赖,非经常性损益项目主要发生于与公司生产经营无直接联系的相关领域,不能准确反映企业的主营业务能力,也有可能被上市公司用来改善报表,影响报表使用人对企业状况的判断。由于非经常性损益的性质特殊,持续性存在不确定,上市公司提高主营业务收入尤其必要。

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