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专家:切实防范化解风险 统筹协调推进金融改革

2017-09-16 08:51:43   新华网

王兆星介绍,银监会将进一步强化非现场和现场监管,提高风险信息的披露标准和金融产品的披露水平。在强化监管履职责任的同时,主动做好监管协调,强化与央行等监管部门的协调配合,共同维护金融业的安全和稳健发展。

中国人民银行金融稳定局副局长陶玲表示,监管体制也可能是导致风险的原因。在分业监管的架构下,监管体系出现了协调不畅的现象,一些“灰色地带”监管没有覆盖到,出现了很多以创新为名的金融活动,积累了金融风险。此外,规则存在不协调的情况,中央与地方在金融管理的职责划分上也存在问题。

在监管体制改革方面,陶玲认为,监管体制改革可概括为多个“统筹协调”,既包括从央行到监管部门、经济部门之间的协调,中央和地方层面监管的协调,还包括统筹协调持牌金融机构的经营和监管,坚决取缔非法金融活动,还有金融基础设施和综合统计的统筹协调。

此外,要正确认识改革、对外开放和金融风险的关系。陶玲认为,开放是我国改革的基本方向,在开放的过程中必须坚持自主、有序、安全。通过开放,会形成一个更加与国际市场接轨的规则体系,形成国际化的市场主体,从而帮助我国形成稳健的市场环境。

有序打破刚性兑付

陶玲指出,金融机构在国家经济体系中看似是市场化程度最高的,但有一些金融机构在公司治理方面“形似而神不致”,股东缺位、越位以及内部人控制的问题比较突出。一些金融机构会在追求效益的过程中进行投机、套利,这与公司治理不到位,缺乏有效的内控和风控都是有关系的。

全国人大财经委员会副主任委员吴晓灵强调,当前防控金融风险的重要工作之一是有序打破刚性兑付。在刚性兑付的文化下,金融活动风险通过不同的渠道转嫁到财政上,公众抱着盈利归自己、亏损找政府的心态,义无反顾地参与非法集资。同时,金融法律不完善和监管理念的落后使得金融机构不向公众如实揭露风险成为可能,行为瑕疵导致金融机构以刚性兑付掩盖不当行为的责任。“我们现在最混乱的是理财市场,股票、基金已经形成了风险自担的文化,理财产品的刚性兑付来自法律关系和风险责任的模糊。”

吴晓灵指出,金融业就是一个经营风险的行业,有风险才正常,让各类金融产品风险透明和暴露才能切断风险的传染和传递。她建议,用典型案例区分责任与风险担当,用案例对全社会进行风险和信用的教育。无论是金融机构、监管当局或地方政府都应该有揭示风险、化解风险的责任担当。如果不把金融的信用基础和契约精神树立好,金融安全就无从谈起。

“中国金融正处于关键的结构性转型时期,金融的风险结构也在悄然地发生变化。”中国人民大学副校长吴晓求指出,中国金融体系的风险正在由过去资本是否充足为主的时代,慢慢过渡到资本是否充足以及市场是否具有透明度并重的时代,由单一风险结构的时代开始过渡到双重风险结构的时代,这预示着中国金融体系的进步。记者 彭扬 实习记者 欧阳剑环

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