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金融监管应与金融创新齐头并进

2017-09-15 15:36:49   中国经济网

本期执笔 张缘成

【农村金融时报】

日前,央行等7部委联合发布了《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》(以下简称《公告》),不仅将代币发行融资(以下简称ICO)定性为一种未经批准非法公开融资的行为,并明确指出其涉嫌非法发售代币票券、非法发行证券以及非法集资、金融诈骗、传销等违法犯罪活动,要求自《公告》发布之日起,各类ICO活动应当立即停止,已完成ICO的组织和个人应当做出清退等安排。

在国内ICO活动大量涌现,投机炒作盛行之际,填补了相关监管空白的《公告》一经出台,就戳破了ICO活动中的泡沫,让市场重归理性。此次监管政策在相关风险事件爆出之前便以如此雷厉风行之势出台,是超出市场预期的。监管部门面对ICO这种新业态采用一针见血的监管方式,走在了风险的前面,这与此前互联网金融等领域的监管方式相比可谓大相径庭。

可以看到,自2013年互联网金融元年以来,五花八门、参差不齐的金融创新对传统的监管部门构成巨大的挑战。在兼顾创新和风险之间,监管部门一度为金融创新的发展提供了宽松的环境。但随着e租宝、泛亚等披着创新外衣,实为非法集资的风险事件相继爆出,监管部门才开始频频出手,出台一系列文件和监管措施加大对互联网金融的监管。

不可否认,相对于互联网金融的发展,由于监管技术的局限性,当时的监管是存在一定的滞后性的。但随着监管技术愈发成熟,针对金融创新的监管正变得更有前瞻性。更重要的是,在今年7月的全国金融工作会议上,明确提出“要形成有风险没有及时发现就是失职、发现风险没有及时提示和处置就是渎职的严肃监管氛围,以及要健全风险监测预警和早期干预机制”,给监管工作指明了方向。

由此来看,正是监管技术的成熟和监管思路的转变让此次针对ICO的监管来得如此迅猛。

但有人认为,此次监管“一刀切”的监管措施破坏了区块链及金融科技的创新性。显然,这样的看法存在误解,监管的及时入场,并不是为了阻碍金融科技的发展,而是意在防范化解金融创新中的种种风险,保护投资者合法权益。更进一步说,对ICO的监管还远未结束,目前地方有关部门已经要求当地ICO团队提交团队背景、开发进度、募资情况、对政策监管的一些建议和措施等信息。从长远来看,监管出台正是为了规范市场秩序,保护区块链等技术的创新环境。

因此,我们认为金融监管只有与金融创新齐头并进,甚至走在金融创新前面,才能更好地促进金融创新释放自身优势,减少监管套利,避免监管真空,促进金融市场的健康有序发展。

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