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姜洋:金融创新是一把双刃剑 要以服务实体经济为出发点

2017-09-14 17:26:47   新华网

新华网北京9月14日电 14日下午,姜洋在2017北京CBD国际金融圆桌会上发言表示,当前国际国内经济金融形势发展十分契合。从国际看,世界经济增长发生复杂深刻变化,去年全球经济增速处于7年来最低水平,今年增长前景有所好转,但结构性问题凸显,内生动力仍然不足。

他介绍,从历史经验看,每一次大的国际经济危机之后,往往孕育着科学技术的革命性突破,从而带来生产方式变革和产业结构调整。国际金融危机爆发已经9年了,尽管以人工智能、3D打印、物联网等为代表的新技术不断涌现,但尚未形成强劲的增长动能,全球经济仍处在动能转换的换挡期。从国内看,我国宏观经济稳中向好,转型升级加快,新的增长动能不断积聚。近三年,战略性新兴行业上市公司实现净利润占A股净利润的比重上升5个百分点。今年上半年,1125家战略性新兴行业上市公司营业收入和净利润同比增速均超过25%,延续了高增长态势。当然,我国新兴产业虽然发展快,但总量还比较小。例如,高新技术投资仅仅占制造业投资的10%左右,难以弥补传统产业下滑的缺口,新旧动能转换任重道远,急需通过深化体制机制改革,加大创新,来释放经济增长新动力。

他进一步表示,近年来,证监会紧紧围绕服务实体经济这一根本宗旨,把大力发展直接融资放在经济金融全局来谋划和推进,加快多层次资本市场体系建设,完善市场基础性功能,有力地促进了经济转型升级、结构调整和效率提升。

一是稳步发展股权融资,加速资本形成。证监会实现新股发行常态化,优化创业板发行条件,完善上市公司再融资制度,鼓励企业发行优先股,改善融资结构。去年初至今年7月底,累计实现各类股权融资约3.6万亿元。

二是拓展资本市场服务中小微企业的覆盖面,支持创新创业。目前,新三板挂牌企业超过1.1万家,今年前7个月融资金额752亿元,区域性股权市场挂牌企业超过2万家。在基金业协会备案且正常存续的私募基金5.87万只,管理规模9.95万亿元,其中私募股权投资基金、创业投资基金管理规模分别达到4.38万亿和4200亿元,成为创新创业型企业直接融资的重要来源。

三是积极发挥资本市场在并购重组中的主渠道作用,促进存量资源调整。在严格重组上市标准的同时,简化审批程序,支持去产能、调结构和国企改革。去年初至今年7月底,全市场并购重组交易额达3.38万亿元,基于产业整合的并购重组超过70%。

四是推动交易所债券市场数量质量协调发展,丰富直接融资工具。去年以来,交易所债券市场融资额超过5.4万亿元。今年前7个月,股债结合产品(包括可转债和可交换债)发行759亿元,同比增长194 %。资产证券化发展迅速,今年前7个月累计融资4108亿元,在促进企业存量资产盘活中的作用日渐凸显。

在他看来,众所周知,金融创新是一把双刃剑。一方面,通过金融产品、组织、制度和技术创新,可以提升金融资源配置的效率,为实体经济发展注入活力。另一方面,如果金融创新脱离了实体经济内在需要,规避监管,盲目扩张,大搞资金体内循环和脱实向虚,则容易引发金融风险,反过来阻碍实体经济的发展。对于金融创新,我们应当秉持包容审慎的态度,正确处理创新与监管的关系,做到趋利避害、规范发展。

姜洋强调,一要以服务实体经济为出发点和落脚点,积极鼓励那些有利于加强实体经济薄弱环节金融服务、降低融资成本、提高资源配置效率的金融创新,支持公司治理规范、发展前景广阔的金融科技企业积极利用资本市场做优做强。二要督促证券基金期货等行业机构回归本源,专注主业,扭转不顾风险过度追求规模和利润的倾向,使投资银行真正成为连接实体企业和投资者的纽带,让期货公司真正为实体企业安排生产经营发挥引导作用,坚决防止“脱实向虚”、“以钱炒钱”。三要大力推进依法全面从严监管,坚决纠正那些严重脱离实体经济需要的伪创新,坚决打击以创新为名义冲撞法律底线的行为,更好地保护投资者合法权益。

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