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流动性偏松 期债可尝试逢低买入

2017-09-14 09:47:42   中国经济网

受利率走低的影响,国债9月以来呈现反弹的走势。后市来看,通胀压力对国债价格产生强劲压制,国债很难形成突破。不过,较为宽松的货币环境对于国债还是产生了强劲的支撑,建议采取逢低买入的操作策略。

9月初以来,市场对于资金的需求进入相对稳定的时期,前期流动性供需紧平衡的问题得到缓解。短期利率下降,促使国债期货强势反弹。不过,短期利率下行的空间有限,国债的反弹受到了压制。

短期利率下行 国债阶段反弹

从货币的供给情况来看,虽然M2增速呈现下降的趋势,但是人民币持续升值,外资流出的现象得到明显缓解。这不但间接增加了流动性,还提振了市场对于人民币资产的信心。需求方面,下半年的投资大部分在6月底7月初已经集中完成。季末和长假的资金需求高峰还没有正式开启,市场对于流动性的需求相对较弱。受此影响,流动性的供需格局发生了细微的变化,近期商业银行的流动性较为充足。

由于市场对流动性的需求下降,央行近期的公开市场业务力度明显下降。上周,国内有3700亿元人民币的逆回购到期,央行也只在周三进行了200亿元的7天期逆回购和200亿元的28天期逆回购,公开市场业务净回笼资金3300亿元。但是上周市场只有1695亿元的MLF到期,央行超量续作了2980亿元的MLF,市场的资金基本持平。本周,央行在周三进行了700亿元的逆回购。本周仅有1100亿元的逆回购和1135亿元的MLF到期,资金整体流出压力不大。虽然央行近期的货币政策力度较小,但是削峰填谷目标明确。央行提前大量续作MLF,并且重启28天期逆回购,都是为了压低中期利率水平。由于逆回购存量极少,央行后期的货币政策不但更为灵活并且效果明显。一旦资金需求上升,央行可以通过加大逆回购的量来进行对冲。

后市来看,随着10月临近,市场对资金的需求开始逐渐增加。首先,今年中秋和十一长假叠加在一块,资金需求的压力较往年要高。同时,银行MPA考核在即。为了通过考核,商业银行后期或将缩紧银根,而银行的惜贷行为势必会引起市场的流动性短缺。但是考虑到市场整体的货币情况好于往期,9月市场的流动性供需矛盾不会特别明显,这对于国债整体起到了支撑作用。

通胀持续回升 反弹高度受限

虽然利率整体运行较以往的季末要弱,但是通胀的回暖对于债券的压制作用还是不容忽视。国家统计局公布的数据显示,8月国内CPI同比增速为1.8%,较7月上升0.4%。受商品价格大幅上涨的影响,CPI在2月出现断崖式下跌之后已经开始稳健上涨,市场对于后期通胀回升的预期加强。在这种情况下,国债等固收资产的收益率势必会上升,这对国债将会产生压制。

总之,由于人民币持续升值,外资回流极大缓解了市场的流动性压力。目前的货币结构良好,即使考虑到季末的资金需求高峰,整体的货币供求情况也明显好于往期季末,这支撑国债的价格。不过,考虑到通胀有回升的迹象,国债上行的压力较大,仍然难以突破振荡区间。基于上述判断,近期国债的操作以逢低买入为主。

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