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给自己编制一张资产负债表

2017-09-14 07:16:22   中国经济网

▲ 个人可以把资产负债表分成左右两部分,左边专门统计资产,右边统计负债与所有者权益。编制完后,左边的金额等于右边金额,也就是资产的金额等于负债的金额加上所有者权益的金额

▲ 对个人而言,算清自己的现金流非常重要。不仅需要知道每个月会有多少现金流入,比如工资收入、兼职收入、利息收入、租金收入等,同时还应该清楚每个月将会有哪些现金流出,比如生活支出、房租支出、房贷支出、偿还借款支出等

俗话说,你不理财,财不理你。对个人而言,无论是日常生活还是投资理财,一个重要的前提就是需要对自己的资产状况有充分的了解。

在日常生活中,人们常常会“借别人的钱办自己的事”,或者“借明天的钱办今天的事儿”。最通常的做法,就是向银行贷款或他人借钱买房买车。不过,对个人而言,负债意味着给自己加了“杠杆”——扩大负债在扩大收益的同时,同样会放大风险。

个人该如何合理负债,既控制风险又扩大收益呢?要解决这些问题,就需要编制一张属于自己的资产负债表。

资产=负债+所有者权益

“资产”“负债”要分清

个人资产负债表该如何编制?其实很简单,把资产负债表分成左右两部分,左边专门统计资产,右边统计负债与所有者权益。编制完后,左边的金额等于右边金额,也就是资产的金额等于负债金额加上所有者权益的金额。

先看左边“资产表”。按照会计规则,资产是企业控制和掌握的资源,分为流动资产与非流动资产。在编制左边的“资产表”时,需要从上至下,按顺序将不同类别的资产统计。

首先是流动资产。流动资产是指可以在一年内转换为现金的资产。流动资产包括货币资金、预付费用、应收票据、应收账款、存货等。对个人而言,手中拥有的现金、银行活期存款、货币型基金、开放式基金、国债逆回购,以及一年期以下的银行定期存款、银行理财产品、封闭式基金等资产,都属于流动资产。

其次是非流动资产,包括长期投资、固定资产以及其他资产三大类。其中,长期投资是指在一年以上的经营周期内才能转变为现金的投资,具体包括股权投资、长期债券投资等。对个人而言,一年期以上的定期存款、银行理财产品和封闭式基金等都属于长期投资。固定资产是指使用年限超过一年的房屋、建筑物、机器、机械、运输工具以及各种设备。对个人而言,最主要的固定资产一般为房产、小汽车等。个人将上述资产分别统计相加后,就能直观地掌握自己的资产状况。

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