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曹中铭:既要规范券商投行内控机制也要加大违规成本

2017-09-12 07:18:23   中国经济网

曹中铭

为落实依法、全面、从严的总体监管思路,督促证券公司强化主体意识、完善自我约束机制,提升投资银行类业务内部控制水平,防范化解风险,日前,证监会研究制定了《证券公司投资银行类业务内部控制指引》(征求意见稿,以下简称《指引》),并于近日向社会公开征求意见。

《指引》的发布,对今后提升券商投行的内控水平,维护上市公司与全体股东的利益无疑是大有好处的。笔者以为,监管部门欲给券商投行戴上紧箍咒是非常有必要的,但也不可忽视了其从业人员的职业胜任能力问题。

近些年资本市场发生的大案要案,多数都与券商投行有关。比如万福生科、欣泰电气造假上市案,券商投行没有履行好勤勉尽责的职责是其中的重要因素。再比如像国海证券萝卜章案、西南证券涉九好集团忽悠式重组案等,都在市场上造成了恶劣的影响,券商投行显然是难辞其咎的。而券商投行内控机制的缺失或缺位,又往往是造成这种现象的重要原因。

整体而言,券商投行在内控机制上存在多方面的问题,是监管部门此次推出《指引》的根本原因。这些问题主要包括,一是券商行业中存在“重发展、轻质量”、“重规模、轻风险”,主体责任履行不到位、执业质量良莠不齐、业务发展与内部控制脱节等现象。二是目前券商投行类业务内部控制建设主要依据是《证券公司内部控制指引》、《证券发行上市保荐业务管理办法》、《上市公司并购重组财务顾问业务管理办法》等业务规则。但由于这些规则制定时间较早、内容相对较原则化,且对各类投行业务内部控制的要求较为分散,其针对性和指导性有待进一步提高。三是各证券公司执业和内部控制标准不一,相互之间存在差异,导致产生劣币驱逐良币现象。四是券商从事投行类业务质量控制、内核、合规、风险管理等内部控制工作的人员数量严重不足,容易使内控流于形式。

此次《指引》对券商内控提出了多方面的具体要求。比如《指引》第六条要求券商建立分工合理、权责明确、相互制衡、有效监督的三道内部控制防线,分别为项目组、业务部门为内部控制的第一道防线;质量控制为内部控制的第二道防线;内核、合规、风险管理等部门或机构为内部控制的第三道防线。如果券商内控机制中的这些防线能发挥出应有的作用,那么市场上的某些大案要案或许是可以避免的。

不过,仅仅出台《指引》,在提升券商投行内控水平上显然又是远远不够的。笔者以为,还须进一步加大个中的违规成本。为什么这些年A股市场出现多起造假上市的案例?除了发行人觊觎上市背后的巨大利益铤而走险外,对违规券商处罚不到位亦是重要原因。比如万福生科案例中,对其保荐机构的处罚不过是暂停保荐资格三个月,由于处罚期间新股IPO处于暂停状态,实际上相当于该券商没有受到处罚。可以设想,如果当初监管部门撤销了相关券商的保荐资格,那在券商行业中又会产生怎样的深度影响呢?

《指引》从制度层面上对券商投行的内控机制进行了规范,但同时,其从业人员的职业胜任能力同样不应被忽视。作为从业人员,既要具备一定的职业操守,也要具备相应的职业胜任能力,两者缺一不可。客观上,市场上出现的大案要案,监管部门往往以“未勤勉尽责”对券商及责任人员进行处罚,但却忽视了从业人员的职业能力。在“未勤勉尽责”的背后,能力不足或许才是决定性的因素。

目前券商从业人员的相关资格,基本上都是通过资格考试获得的。但考试过关,并不意味着能力上胜任。因此,在出台《指引》的同时,从业人员的职业能力问题同样应该引起监管部门的关注与重视。

(作者为财经时评人)

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