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强者恒强 布局稀土龙头正当时

2017-09-11 07:47:38   中国经济网

目前稀土中下游行业需求旺盛,但稀土存在政策性的供应不足。随着行业价值回归以及稀土“打黑”行动的开展,今年以来,以镨钕为代表的稀土品种价格大幅上涨,涨幅超过80%。上游稀土原材料行业实现扭亏为盈,中游磁材料行业却感到不小的压力。海通证券认为,受成本支撑,钴盐价格上涨;上游供应紧张促进碳酸锂价格上涨,氧化镨钕在经过维稳盘整后,重启涨价态势。后续随着锂、钴供应迎来淡季,稀土库存不断消化,伴随新能源汽车迎来产销旺季,预计锂、钴、稀土供需进一步向好,看好后续价格。

产量缺口仍大

上半年,稀土中下游行业需求都比较好。稀土产业链独立研究员吴辰辉表示,下游汽车、空调、智能手机、大数据中心、机器人等行业有较快增长,这些产品都需要一定数量的稀土功能材料,对于镨钕等稀土品种需求量较大。

数据显示,稀土价格曾长期处于谷底。2010年,稀土价格指数平均值为100点,短期暴涨暴跌;2011年7月中旬达到最高899点后持续下行。当前稀土价格指数为118点左右,仅略高于2010年平均水平。2014年稀土行业微利,平均利润率为4.43%,价格指数均值为155点;2015年全行业亏损,行业平均利润率为-2.28%。市场人士判断,稀土价格指数在150-160点之间较为合理。当前指数已经进入这一区间,预计2017年稀土行业将实现全面盈利。

华泰证券分析师李斌认为,此轮稀土价格上升得益于部委牵头“打黑”。稀土行业严格按照总量控制进行生产,稀土价格出现政策性逆转趋势。随着待机非法开采和违规生产,下半年将出现政策性不足,预计进口矿产品数量可能出现较大幅度增长。根据规定,总量控制计划近10.5万吨,而由钕铁硼产业对镨钕的需求推算出至少应达18万吨;稀土企业必须依照所获得分离指标销售产品,否则即按照超指标生产给予处罚。

具体来看,对钕铁硼的需求决定了对稀土的需求。2014年以来,钕铁硼产量基本保持在14万吨,满足钕铁硼产业对钕铁铽镝的需求,决定了稀土矿的实际市场需求。钕铁硼对镨钕的需求决定了对南方矿的总需求。14万吨钕铁硼毛坯,以稀土金属加入量31%计算,大约需要镨钕金属4.34万吨,折合氧化镨钕约4.93万吨。考虑到铈钕铁硼中铈对镨钕金属的替代和综合回收,实际每年需要从稀土矿中大约要新分离出约3.6万吨氧化镨钕,对应稀土矿需求约18万吨,和现在10.5万吨的产量有较大差距。

应用需求持续提升

钕铁硼主要应用于风力发电、新能源汽车、节能空调、节能电梯等领域。

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