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“煤改电”面临两大拦路虎挡道

2017-09-11 07:12:39   中国经济网

当前,我国电煤比重与电气化水平偏低,大量的散烧煤与燃油消费是造成严重雾霾的主要因素之一,而电能具有清洁、安全、便捷等优势。通过电能替代散烧煤、燃油,对减少大气污染具有重要作用。

记者近日在山东省济南、聊城两个京津冀大气污染传输通道城市采访了解到,电能替代对于大气污染防治发挥了积极作用,潜在替代空间也很巨大。同时,一些企业反映“煤改电”一次性投资大、后期运营成本高,建议发挥财税补贴杠杆激励作用,并出台优惠电价,减轻企业负担。

电能替代方式多样节能减排效果明显

山东星瀚材料股份有限公司年产60万吨冷轧板、镀锌板,产品90%以上出口。公司副总经理邢本召说,公司有5台燃煤锅炉,年耗标煤7.5万吨,实施以电代煤后可减排二氧化碳18.64万吨、二氧化硫0.56万吨。

工业企业燃煤锅炉淘汰改造是电能替代的重要领域。国家电网聊城供电公司总经理王肃介绍,聊城市工业结构偏重,化工、钢铁、造纸等企业众多,燃煤比重大,大气污染防治压力大。今年以来,聊城市共实施电能替代项目196个,替代电量2.5亿千瓦时,相当于减少散烧煤10.2万吨,减排二氧化碳25.42万吨、二氧化硫0.765万吨。

济南市环保局污染防治处处长钱毅新说,为促进淘汰(改造),济南出台优惠政策,对按时限要求完成淘汰(改造)的,通过验收后,每置换改造一蒸吨给予10万元补贴;提前完成淘汰(改造)的,每置换改造一蒸吨给予5万元奖励。2016年,济南市提前完成了131台、2012蒸吨燃煤锅炉的淘汰(改造)。

农业生产与清洁采暖成为电能替代的新兴领域。记者在聊城莘县莘州办事处看到,山东旭日农业一体化高科技示范基地已有3座种植优质经济作物的冬暖式大棚,现代化电喷淋、电卷帘机、电温控加热等电替代技术已成为标配。据基地负责人郭燕兵介绍,与燃煤加热方式相比,实施电能替代后每座大棚节约综合成本32.5%,每年减少二氧化碳排放14.96吨。

对于存在采暖刚性需求的北方地区,在燃气(热力)管网无法达到的老旧城区、城乡接合部或者大型商场、公共场所,推广蓄热式电锅炉、地源热泵、碳晶电采暖,替代分散燃煤锅炉,淘汰落后供热方式,改用清洁能源。聊城市银座商城应用电蓄热锅炉,使用夜间低谷电8个小时电力蓄热,实现了3万平方米的供暖,每年采暖季运行成本20元/平方米。

潜在替代空间巨大改造成本压力大

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