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养老金入市不会“抢工期”

2017-09-09 07:06:51   中国经济网

■阎 岳

市场是最敏感的,这让市场具有非凡的想象力。这不,中国证券投资基金业协会养老金专业委员会的成立,以及证监会副主席李超“公募基金已成为养老金投资管理的主力军,要在第三支柱的建立过程中发挥应有的作用”的表态,就让市场理解为是养老金要加快入市节奏的信号。但养老金入市真的会出现“抢工期”的现象吗?

众所周知,我国已经进入老龄社会,养老产业也成为最具发展潜力的行业之一,同时扩大养老资金的来源并确保其能实现保值增值就成为非常迫切的事情了。统计数据显示,截至2016年年底,我国60岁及以上老年人口数接近2.4亿。据预测,到2050年,中国老年人口将增至4.8亿,占全球老年人口的四分之一。

近日发布的《中国城市养老指数蓝皮书2017》指出:“每年我国养老金的支出都在增长,平均每年增长高达22.84%。养老金的支出远远大于收入,且支出增幅也远远高于收入增幅,这势必给国家财政带来严峻的挑战”。

这是养老金面临的最大挑战。所幸的是,在社保基金入市后保值增值效果明显的示范作用下,目前养老金入市已经迈出了第一步。截至今年6月底,北京、上海、河南、湖北、广西、云南、陕西、安徽八省份已与全国社保基金理事会签署了共计4100亿元的委托投资合同,其中的1721.5亿元资金已经到账并开始投资,剩余其他资金将按照合同约定分年分批到位。

在一切准备就绪之后,养老金的身影随即出现在A股上市公司股东中。截至今年第二季度末,养老金跻身3家上市公司前十大流通股股东序列,包括九阳股份、正海磁材和首商股份。

据报道,全国社保基金理事会今年年初向具备养老金管理资质的机构公开招标,其中指数增强型机构共获得50亿元的额度,价值股票型获得20亿元左右的额度。其余资金额度则固收类机构中标。

从养老金权益类资金的投资比例看,确实是慎而又慎的。这符合《基本养老保险基金投资管理办法》中的规定,托管机构投资于股票、股票基金、混合基金、股票型养老金金产品的比例,合计不高于养老基金资产净值的30%。

截至2016年末,我国共有养老金7.1万亿元,其中基本养老金4.4万亿元。很显然,这个规模是难以支撑未来养老需求的。所以拓宽养老金来源、确保养老金保值增值就成为必然选项。中国证券投资基金业协会养老金专业委员会成立的目的就是,要组织行业共同建设“基础资产-集合投资工具-大类资产配置”的资产管理生态,全力促进养老金保值增值,全心管好百姓的养老钱。

尽管形势很严峻,但养老金入市仍会循序渐进、按部就班的逐步扩大委托范围,谨慎增加权益类标的的投资额度。这是由养老金的特殊属性所决定的。所以,养老金入市绝对不会出现“抢工期”的现象。

对于A股市场来说,也并不会愿意看到激进的养老金入市节奏。A股市场的稳定健康发展,需要养老金这样的长期资金入市,更需要稳健的坚持长期价值投资理念的资金进入市场。从这一点来说,养老金入市是对A股市场投资者结构的完善,对其他境内外长期资金进入A股市场具有示范作用。正如社保基金入市十多年来所取得的成功经验那样,坚持稳健、审慎的原则投资权益类资产才是养老金应有的基本投资态度。

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