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综述:更新北美自贸协定第二轮谈判留下诸多疑虑

2017-09-06 17:36:50   新华网

新华社墨西哥城9月5日电 综述:更新北美自贸协定第二轮谈判留下诸多疑虑

新华社记者吴昊

更新北美自贸协定第二轮谈判5日在墨西哥首都墨西哥城落幕。经过5天闭门会议,墨西哥、美国、加拿大三方虽达成一些共识并取得一定成果,但在劳工权利、贸易赤字等关键“棘手”问题上仍未取得实质进展,谈判留下诸多疑虑。

当天,墨西哥经济部长伊尔德方索·瓜哈尔多与美国贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽、加拿大外交部长克里斯蒂娅·弗里兰举行双边和三边会谈,并发布三边共同宣言。

宣言说,来自各方的贸易专家和技术官员组成超过20个工作组参与本轮谈判。在随后举行的记者会上,三国谈判代表表示,三方就本轮某些话题达成共识,并在数字贸易、竞争力、中小型企业和环境等领域取得进展。

本轮谈判开始前,瓜哈尔多对媒体表示,第二轮谈判内容涉及10个三方共同致力于改善的方面,包括减少贸易技术障碍、改进贸易批准规则以便于企业开展业务、鼓励中小型企业加入产业价值链等。

减少贸易逆差是特朗普政府的优先目标,美墨间贸易逆差也引发美国汽车等行业反对。2016年,美国对墨西哥的贸易逆差已超过630亿美元。不过,瓜哈尔多表示,美国谈判代表团目前仍未就贸易赤字问题提出具体计划。他指出,如何让各方清楚地理解贸易赤字成为“最复杂的话题”。

美国贸易代表莱特希泽在首轮谈判开始前说,北美自贸协定签署以来,70万美国人因此失业。加拿大政府也在谈判前公布的主要诉求中,提出要求更为严格的劳工保障,遭到墨西哥企业家反对。而瓜哈尔多表示,本次谈判没有涉及劳工权利问题。此外,关税内容在本次谈判中也未被提及。

面对谈判未取得实质性进展的现实,谈判代表期望加快谈判进度,希望谈判在维护本国利益的同时,尽可能惠及其他两方。

瓜哈尔多表示,墨方期待谈判结果能富有成效,能给三国带来更多更好的经济机遇,并指出谈判策略是“在短期内能完成所能达成的目标”。

莱特希泽指出,美国代表团致力于为本国农业、服务业和创新产业寻求更广泛机遇,他再次提到当前北美自贸协定损失一些美国人、特别是制造业工人的利益,美国需要“能惠及所有美国人的贸易协定,而不以损害一些人利益为代价,惠及另一些人”。他希望协议不仅能帮助美国工人、农民和牧场主,同时也能提高墨西哥与加拿大工人生活水平。

弗里兰表示,加方目标是继续更新北美自贸协定内容,因为这有益于加拿大中产阶级,有助于帮助三个国家的社会群体。

三边共同宣言还指出,本轮谈判结果将致力于通过“新规则”更新北美自贸协定,“为北美地区创造重要经济机遇,加快三个协定成员国经济增速”。

第三轮谈判将于9月23日至27日在加拿大首都渥太华举行。首轮谈判于8月16日至20日在美国首都华盛顿举行。首轮谈判结束后,三方发布联合声明,承诺致力于推动快速、全面的谈判。

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