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《北美自贸协定》更新第二轮谈判落幕 三方重申争取年底前完成谈判

2017-09-06 09:12:01   国际在线

国际在线报道(中国国际广播电台记者 闫明):当地时间9月5日,美国、加拿大与墨西哥针对更新《北美自贸协定》而进行的第二轮谈判在墨西哥首都墨西哥城落下帷幕,三国发表的联合声明重申致力于一个加速和全面的谈判,从而在今年底前完成该协定更新的谈判工作。

墨西哥经济部长瓜哈尔多在5日《北美自贸协定》更新第二轮谈判结束后举行的联合记者会上表示:“在五天的时间里,超过20个由贸易专家和技术人员组成的谈判小组对信息和提案进行了讨论与交流。在一些谈判小组中,各方就单一协定文本完成了提案的合并,而后续工作会在接下来的谈判中继续进行。我们在许多方面取得了重要的进展,各方也期待在接下来几周内有更多的进展。”

经过两轮的谈判,美加墨三国在新的《北美自贸协定》文本内容制定方面取得了一定的进展,美国贸易代表莱特希泽介绍说:“我很高兴地向大家报告,我们就许多重要的事宜达成了共识,我们的工作还在以创纪录的速度继续进行着。截至本轮谈判结束,我们已经敲定了二十多章的协定文本,这些章节代表着一个新的先进的协议,一旦谈判完成,将在未来数十年内给北美地区带来强劲的经济增长。”

墨西哥经济部长瓜哈尔多在宣读三国发表的联合声明时称,三国将继续在各自国家内进行相关咨询,从而为接下来将于9月23日至27日在渥太华举行的第三轮谈判做好准备。声明还重申了于今年底前完成谈判工作的决心。瓜哈尔多说:“墨西哥、美国与加拿大三国的部长们重申,我们致力于一个加速和全面的谈判,我们的共同目标就是能在今年底之前完成谈判。成功完成《北美自贸协定》更新的谈判工作后,协定的新规则将为北美地区带来重要的经济机遇,推动北美三国的强劲增长、从而使三国受益。”

加拿大外长弗里兰则透露,三方同意在今年内额外安排几轮谈判,从而推动《北美自贸协定》更新的谈判工作尽早完成。她说:“在今年剩下的时间里,我们还计划要多谈几轮,这是一个非常快速的谈判进程,也是一个全面的谈判过程。我要说三方都承诺致力于完成这一谈判,我们也正在为达成这一目标而进行着非常有建设性的合作。”

虽说自8月16日《北美自贸协定》更新第一轮谈判启动至今,各方推动谈判的意愿与态度都非常积极,但分析人士指出,在三方存在分歧的美国贸易逆差、原产地规则、争端解决机制、提高墨西哥工人薪酬等方面的内容上几乎没有达成什么实质性的成果。就在第二轮谈判结束后的联合发布会上,美国贸易代表莱特希泽又重申了美国方面在谈判中的立场:“美国代表团致力于为本国农业、服务业和创新产业寻求更广泛的机遇,但我们必须要解决当前《北美自贸协定》对美国人、特别是制造业工人造成损失的问题。我们需要的是一个能惠及所有美国人的贸易协定,而不是以损害一些人的利益为代价来惠及另一些人。我希望我们能达成一个协议,不仅有助于美国工人、农民和牧场主,同时也能提高墨西哥与加拿大工人生活水平。”

墨西哥经济部长瓜哈尔多则表示,墨西哥方面期待着一个富有成效的谈判过程,希望谈判的成果能给三国带来更好的就业,使三国的社会群体受益。

加拿大外长弗里兰则重申,加拿大寻求维护本国利益的同时,追求三方共赢:“加拿大的目标是,以捍卫加拿大人的利益和价值观、惠及三国中产阶级的方式来实现《北美自贸协定》的现代化。就像美国副总统迈克·彭斯说的那样,我们寻求的是三方共赢。”

美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1992年签署北美自由贸易协定。1994年1月1日,协定正式生效,北美自由贸易区宣布成立。1993年至2016年,美加墨贸易额从3400亿美元增至1.2万亿美元。但在美国看来,北美自贸协定不公平的表征就是美国的巨大贸易逆差。美国总统特朗普多次表示,NAFTA是一项“灾难性的贸易协定”,需进行大规模修改。

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