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《北美自贸协定》修订第二轮谈判开启

2017-09-02 08:21:24   央广网

央广网北京9月2日消息据中国之声《新闻纵横》报道,当地时间1日,美国、加拿大与墨西哥针对《北美自贸协定》修订与更新工作的第二轮谈判在墨西哥城启动。美、加、墨三国8月中旬在华盛顿举行了北美自贸协定首轮重新谈判,第二轮谈判将持续到9月5日。第二轮谈判的重点有哪些?各方又有哪些立场与表态?

据中国国际广播电台驻墨西哥记者闫明介绍,参与谈判的私营部门代表、墨西哥企业协调咨询理事会、国际谈判战略理事会主任卡拉奇在墨西哥城接受媒体采访时表示,《北美自贸协定》第二轮谈判中,美加墨三国希望就各自的优先事宜做出更加明确的定义。外界分析称,各方希望能够在第二轮谈判中“向前推进一小步”,而针对存在分歧的事宜取得大的突破可能性并不大。

卡拉奇与另一名不愿透露姓名的墨西哥谈判成员称,他们希望《北美自贸协定》三国间能就如何改善小型企业的状况、环境保护、劳工规则和数字贸易等方面取得广泛的共识。而三国在谈判中存在分歧的事宜包括汽车原产地规则、美国要求的删除协定第19章关于争议解决机制的内容等。另外,美国方面的一个重要目标就是如何减少对墨西哥的贸易逆差。卡拉奇表示,“我们希望在谈判桌上看到一些积极的进展,但愿我们能够在一些事宜上取得共识。”

据了解,《北美自贸协定》修订的首轮谈判于8月16日至20日在华盛顿举行,三国在谈判结束后发表的联合声明中称,首轮谈判中各方在协议范围内进行了详细的概念性介绍,谈判小组开始推动文本内容的起草工作,并同意在接下来两周内提供额外的文本内容、意见或是备选方案。三国同意在未来几个月内致力于一个加速和广泛的谈判进程,从而使《北美自贸协定》内容升级并建立起有利于三国民众的21世纪标准。

美国总统特朗普8月30日在密苏里州一家工厂视察时,再次炮轰“可恶的、糟糕的”北美自贸协定让美国各州、各城镇失去了很多产业,并表示美国政府正着手处理此事,请民众拭目以待。特朗普还发推特称,如果无法进行重新谈判,他可能终止北美自贸协定,以获得“与墨西哥和加拿大的公平贸易协定”,他还重申“要让墨西哥为美墨边境墙付钱”。外界对此有何评论?美加墨三国在本轮谈判伊始都有哪些表态?

闫明介绍,美国总统特朗普最近抓住各种机会和场合给加墨两国施加压力。就在8月30日在密苏里州针对税收政策进行演讲时,特朗普就称,“墨西哥对于《北美自贸协定》的重新谈判并不太高兴,但愿我们的重新谈判可以达成一致,如果无法达成一致,那我们会终结《北美自贸协定》并从零开始、致力于重新达成一个真正的协议。”虽然特朗普的威胁无处不在,但墨西哥与加拿大方面均认为这是特朗普的“谈判策略”。

正在美国进行访问的墨西哥外长比德加赖30日称,如果美国启动了终结《北美自贸协定》的程序,墨西哥将不会继续留在谈判桌上。比德加赖当天在与美国国务卿蒂勒森举行会谈后对记者表示,“我们认为,在《北美自贸协定》正在重新进行谈判的时刻终结这一协定并不是一个正确和可行的选择。如果谈判的结果并不会使墨西哥受益,那么墨西哥当然不会继续谈下去,但我们相信各方可以取得一个有利于墨西哥,同时也有利于美国和加拿大的谈判结果。不过我们距离这一目标还有很长的路要走。”比德加赖还坦承,这一谈判必然不会是一个简单的过程。他称,“这是一个复杂的过程,有26项谈判同时进行着,有一些议题我们会很快达成一致,但其余的议题则需要各方进行更多的努力。我们正在坚定不移地按既定的进程进行谈判,当然是以有建设性的方式。”

加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多称,总会有这样或那样的言论,没有必要过度在意。我们将继续致力于以严肃和尊重的态度去改善《北美自贸协定》的内容,不仅为了加拿大人的利益,也为了美国和墨西哥朋友的利益。

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