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短期部分岗位将受AI冲击 但长期会受益

2017-09-05 07:32:31   中国经济网

技术往往是一把双刃剑。在某些领域,AI机器人正在取代人的工作,甚至在自动驾驶汽车和某些医疗项目中,AI正在代替人类进行“生死”抉择。

但历史已证明,技术革命对于推动人类社会的进步不可或缺,在首届“太和文明论坛”在京举行期间,多位业内人士接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时表达了类似的观点。未来机器将取代人力从事以笨重和重复为特点的工种,短期可能令部分岗位消失,但长期看,随着劳动力的解放,会与工业革命类似,推动发展进程的同时产生一批更智慧、更有创造力的新工种。

长期获益大

“虽然人工智能的应用还有很长的路要走,但是超前的忧虑是有必要的。”微软亚太研发集团副总裁商容认为,人工智能未来会对人类分工也会有所改变,所以需要超前考虑才能提前有所规范。

而在太和智库高级研究员、前国务院发展研究中心世界发展研究所常务副所长丁一凡看来,人类之所以对人工智能产生了某种程度上的恐慌,是因为过去我们的工具所有功能的延伸都是受脑子的控制,但是现在的人工智能作为工具,会让人家觉得是不是超出控制,我们的人脑是不是就很危险?

丁一凡认为,人工智能只是代替人脑的一个工具而已,没有什么值得可恐慌。值得恐慌的问题在于,由于人工智能和其他工具的嫁接,可能造成人工越来越不需要。

可以预测,未来机器人将替代人类完成部分简单、重复的体力劳动的同时,在一些需要专业知识与技能储备的领域如医疗,也可能发生工作的“再分配”。

微软亚洲研究院副院长潘天佑接受《每日经济新闻》记者专访时认为,人工智能更多地作用是实现自动化,减少对传统劳动力的需求。从此角度看,机器在取代人力从事以往笨重、重复的工作时,其实是对人劳动力的解放。尽管某些阶段难免对人类就业、工作方式产生冲击,但是和工业革命一样,长久来看对人类进程推动巨大。

会出现新工种

短期受冲击但长期将受益并出现新工种的观点,获得了很多业内人士的认可。

“就目前而言,我们不需要有太多的担心。长期来看,我觉得我们需要担心。不仅仅AI专家,所有人都需要担心。”联想研究院人工智能首席顾问Hans Uszkoreit认为,AI未来在人类社会当中有一席之地,并会在我们日常生活和工作当中使用得越来越多,会帮助人类更好的去充分的分工,这些是需要去思考的问题。

“每一步比较大的技术革命其实就是给人类一套新的工具,新的工具能够在工作的某一个环节大幅度提升效率。”联想创投董事总经理王光熙接受《每日经济新闻》记者专访时称,对人力的精简会经过一段阵痛,但这个阵痛历史证明是非常有限的时间段。这些人未来会转向新的行业,新的行业因为有新的技术、新的产业而诞生,也需要这样一批新的人去做一些更加智慧、更加高级的事情。

另一层面,围绕人工智能发展本身,对人才需求的切口也正在被打开。

今年7月,领英发布的《全球AI领域人才报告》显示,过去三年间,通过领英平台发布的AI职位数量从2014年的5万飙升至2016年的44万,增长近8倍。具体到细分领域,当前对AI基础层人才的需求最为旺盛,尤其是算法、机器学习、GPU、智能芯片等方面,相对于技术层与应用层呈现出更为显著的人才缺口。

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