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【老外谈】南非学者:整个非洲都可从金砖经济发展战略中受益

2017-09-04 14:20:52   国际在线

格斯里(南非)

金砖国家领导人第九次会晤于2017年9月在福建省厦门市举行。作为金砖轮值主席国,中国将主办金砖合作机制进入第二个“金色十年”的首场会晤。

金砖合作机制于2006年建立,当时称为“金砖四国”(巴西、俄罗斯、印度及中国)。南非于2010年受邀加入这一机制。正是由于南非的加入,整个非洲可以从金砖国家相关措施及成果中受益,这其中包括金砖国家新开发银行及金砖国家应急储备安排的建立。

谈到南非在金砖国家中发挥的作用,人们注意到这个国家是整个非洲大陆在金砖合作机制及二十国集团等国际组织中唯一的代表。从这层意义上说,本次厦门会晤推进金砖经济发展战略、实现共同发展的目标在非洲能产生很大共鸣。这一经济发展战略也有助于解决当前非洲面临的突出问题,比如加强市场准入、推进市场联通等等。就互联互通而言,非洲在世界上还处于欠发达水平,目前其大部分交通网络及基础设施都是为出口服务的,真正用于非洲区域内贸易的联通设施还尚未建立或处于较低的发展水平。金砖国家、南非及非洲都是金砖经济发展战略坚定的支持者,该项战略要求“促进双向贸易及投资,为投资者及企业家创造更好的营商环境。”换言之,制定鼓励商业活动的政策措施对非洲各国政府来说是一项工作重点,在这方面肯尼亚、乌干达等国家起到了示范作用。这项战略还强调“在加强金砖合作的同时注重贸易及投资多元化发展,增加产品附加值。”这一点可以解读为摆脱对商品贸易的过度依赖对于非洲发展至关重要。

2016年,南非与中国贸易总额突破200亿美元。与非洲其他国家相比,南非对华经贸活动的一个显著特点是南非公司也对中国进行投资,例如南非最大的私人保险控股公司Discovery持有中国平安的股份,南非传媒集团Nasper则是腾讯公司的大股东之一。另一方面,中国在南非投资规模巨大,涉足领域包括先进制造业及金融业,中国工商银行收购南非标准银行股份就是一个成功案例。正如咨询公司麦肯锡在日前发布的一份中非关系研究报告中所言,中国将南非视为在非洲大陆的一个重要战略合作伙伴,因为这个非洲国家已经就双边经贸关系制定了周密的发展计划,并且与除北京之外的其他中国省份或城市建立了良好关系。正是基于此,在2004至2014这十年间,中国在南非的投资保持快速增长。

每一个金砖国家在其发展道路上都会遇到一些具体问题及挑战。但是令人欣慰的是金砖国家正在就多领域合作协调立场、共同前进。南非应珍视自身作为金砖成员这一身份,大力发展与中国的关系。

(作者:Bryonie Guthrie,前南非外交官、非洲投资领域专家)

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