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周期股看供需景气 成长股看边际改善

2017-09-04 08:46:05   新华网

当前,周期股与成长股无疑是市场的两大热点。在过去一个月里,煤炭、有色、钢铁行业指数涨幅高达9.3%、7.2%、5.9%;成长股集中的创业板指上涨8.5%,居于各大指数之首。

我们同时看好周期股与成长股,但两者上涨背后的逻辑却截然不同:周期股是由供需造成的景气,偏于中短期;成长股则来自于长期产业发展的支撑,逻辑更偏于中长期。因而,两者值得作战略配置。此外,投资者还需要注意上游涨价对于下游消费品企业的成本压力,可以在适当时候高位兑现消费股盈利筹码。

近期周期的上涨来自于供需配合形成的业绩持续大幅度增长。周期股的业绩改善来源于2016年以来的供给侧改革,过剩产能获得大幅度去化,钢铁行业已经去化过剩产能1.5亿吨,煤炭行业淘汰落后产能3亿吨。从供需两个方面来看,随着环保标准的提升,供给侧去产能仍然将持续推进,小企业落后产能将不断退出市场,从而给大型企业提供市场空间。而需求端来看,三季度经济仍然有望维持较强韧性,因此,周期品在三季度仍然值得持有,但在四季度需要防范经济下行风险。

成长股布局的逻辑来自于各方面变量的边际改善。从业绩增速情况来看,创业板增速下滑的态势有所放缓。扣除温氏股份后,创业板二季度净利润增速为22.4%,较一季度下滑1.6个百分点,降幅较一季度明显收窄。从企业内生价值角度来看,创业板公司首次出现每股净资产的同比增长,这显示创业板已经重新回到内生增长的轨道。

从流动性情况来看,也出现明显的边际改善。进入7月份,市场短期利率出现了明显下滑,而长期利率则保持高位震荡,也结束了上半年单边上行的状况,这有助于市场提升风险偏好。

相比周期股,我们认为,成长股的逻辑更偏向长期,因而战略布局的意义更大。周期股今年的利润增长虽然很高,但由于基数效应,明年的增速或将显著下降。相比之下,新兴产业的成长空间要大得多。从产业的角度看,新一轮产业革命正在酝酿中,人工智能+物联网的新一轮技术革命已经初见雏形,成长型公司也将迎来新的产业机遇与发展空间。

布局周期股与成长股之外,建议投资者关注消费股潜在的两大风险。其一是成本上升的风险,上游原材料涨价带来的成本推升很大程度将转嫁到中下游制造企业,这将侵蚀其盈利。其二是需求下降的风险。根据最新的地产销售数据显示,8月前25天,主要44个城市地产销量同比下降27%,其中,26个一二线城市同比下降31%,18个三四线城市同比下降11%,其中三四线城市销量同比增速首次转负,这意味着8月全国地产销量或首次出现负增长。房地产销量的下行有可能带来家电等终端消费品的销量下降风险。因此在消费股上浮盈丰厚的投资者可以适当在高位选择兑现盈利。

(朱斌 作者系西南证券高级策略分析师)

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