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最高法“援助”中小股东 挤压大股东“滥权”空间

2017-09-02 07:21:14   中国经济网

■安 宁

9月1日,《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国公司法〉若干问题的规定(四)》(简称“司法解释”)正式实施。根据司法解释第十五条规定,公司股东滥用权利,导致公司不分配利润给其他股东造成损失的,司法可以适当干预,以实现对公司自治失灵的矫正。这意味着今后那些处于弱势的股东在权利被侵害后,将可以寻求有效的司法救济,用法律的武器保护自己的合法权益。

近年来,随着公司数量的快速增长,公司治理纠纷和股东权利纠纷案件逐年上升,在公司纠纷案件中占比超60%。一些大型公司的决议效力纠纷,甚至成为舆论焦点和热点,引发社会各界对公司法相关规定的广泛关注。

特别是一些公司大股东违反同股同权原则和股东权利不得滥用原则,排挤、压榨小股东,导致公司不分配利润,损害小股东利润分配权的现象时有发生,严重破坏了公司自治。例如公司不分配利润,但董事、高级管理人员领取过高薪酬或者由控股股东操纵公司购买与经营无关的财物或者服务,用于其自身使用或消费,或是隐瞒、转移利润等。

因缺乏明确规定,一些股东权利被损害后,得不到有效的司法救济。为此,地方各级法院和社会各界纷纷要求尽快制定相关司法解释。

为此,此次最高法出台的司法解释第十四条、第十五条明确规定,股东请求公司分配利润的,应提交载明具体分配方案的股东会或股东大会决议;未提交的,法院原则上应当不予支持。第十五条规定,公司股东滥用权利,导致公司不分配利润给其他股东造成损失的,司法可以适当干预,以实现对公司自治失灵的矫正。

此外,这份司法解释亦依法强化对股东法定知情权的保护,规定不得以公司章程、股东间协议等方式,实质性剥夺股东的法定知情权;股东可以请求未依法履行职责的公司董事、高级管理人员赔偿损失。

这意味着司法解释出台之后,上市公司董事会或股东大会在形成决议的时候,就更要符合《公司法》的规定,否则可能就会被认定无效。对于董监高不当履职给公司带来损害的,投资者也可以按照股东代表诉讼程序,向法院提起诉讼。

笔者认为,限制公司股东利用控股地位操控公司、滥用股东权利,不仅有利于对中小股东权益的合法保护,也有利于公司治理结构的逐步完善。

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