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聚美遭炮轰:谁是压垮股东信任的最后稻草?

2017-09-01 08:11:27   新华网

就主业化妆品而言,由于所在领域业绩和收入天花板太低,垂直类电商正在遭受着普遍困境。

8月31日凌晨,聚美优品股价收跌1.92%至3.06美元,此前,聚美优品股东Heng Ren Partners发表一封公开信,炮轰聚美不兑现诺言。当晚,陈欧也在其微博予以回应,对部分指责进行了澄清。

信中所称“诺言”,意指聚美并没有将2014年在美国IPO筹集的2.8亿美元中的资金投资于一个每年以两位数速率增长、并且是领导者的行业,并用于市场营销、品牌推广与产品开发。与此相反,聚美选择了投资影视和共享充电宝,而Heng Ren Partners认为这无法成为聚美优品的核心业务。

Heng Ren Partners的指责不无道理,这家曾经的化妆品电商领头羊,几年来过得并不轻松。除了公开信中所称的聚美市值在18个月中,已损失3.97亿美元外;2016年半年业绩更是发生大变脸,营收同比增速仅1.7%,净利润降幅大幅收窄。

曾被股东视为“中国线上化妆品零售业领军者”的聚美而今反遭炮轰。究竟谁是压垮股东对聚美管理层信任的最后一根稻草?

归根结底,还是主业增长缺乏突破点与化妆品电商的转型困境。

就主业化妆品而言,由于所在领域业绩和收入天花板太低,垂直类电商正在遭受着普遍困境。尤其是随着天猫等电商巨头在化妆品等领域的发力,资源、用户获取优势明显,垂直类化妆品电商日子普遍难过。

外部有各类电商市场鏖战,主体内部的运营模式却也值得深究。

以聚美优品为代表的化妆品电商,运营模式偏于简单的卖卖卖,没有营造更多内容场景,无法向用户提供有增量的美容化妆知识,成为用户的美妆导师聚合平台,也就很难提升用户忠实度和复购率。虽然聚美优品去年上线网红频道,指望通过网红拉动流量,但一来众多网红选择自主创业,使得聚美优品对于网红团队的聚合度偏低,二来网红对受众的吸引力也频遇瓶颈,未必能达到平台期望值。

市场红海与行业瓶颈的冷热冲撞下,聚美尝试了“跨界”。

正如陈欧在其微博回应质疑,称其投资“为聚美在获得终端客户及流量上起到了非常大的补充作用,将会是聚美平台的流量和品牌巩固的重要环节。”陈欧口中的投资,即是共享充电宝。

不过,这一领域却并不被看好。相比共享单车,共享充电宝目前还属低频领域,用户黏度差,甚至被不少业界人士质疑为伪概念产业。根据某研究院提供的2017Q1充电宝市场分析报告显示,50.7%的用户因共享充电宝设置点位少、租借与归还不便而表示不满。另外,35.4%的用户担心共享充电宝质量不好会伤害手机;30.2%的用户担心在使用过程中会存在手机信息泄露的风险。

可见,目前共享充电宝面临着市场渗透率低、用户被教育程度低、使用频次低的“三低”难题。加之这是一个高度竞争的行业,由于共享单车的预热,导致了资本进入速度快,一堆共享单车创业公司冒头,但投入成本与收益严重不对等。共享单车的前车之鉴,同样传导至共享充电宝领域,未来市场规模想象力存疑,使得陈欧押注的这一领域并不被投资者看好。

当然,就此断言聚美优品前景黯淡为时过早。对于聚美优品和陈欧,现在最需要的恰恰是看淡一时的股价涨跌,专注于寻找新的业务赛道,对于共享充电宝领域前景如何做出清晰判断。目前来看,结果如何恐怕一年内能见分晓。届时,才是投资者对聚美优品投出最后一票的时候。(财经评论人楚天)

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