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煤炭库存设上下限 煤价上涨压力依旧大

2017-08-31 09:49:17   中国经济网

为平抑煤炭价格“过山车”,国家发改委又出新政。

8月28日~9月10日期间,发改委研究起草的《关于建立健全煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度的指导意见(试行)》(下称《指导意见》)和《煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度考核办法(试行)》(下称《考核办法》)两份文件面向社会征求意见,目标直指保障煤炭稳定供应,促进经济平稳运行。

厦门大学能源经济协同创新中心主任林伯强在接受第一财经记者采访时表示,煤炭库存可能会由于消息面和投机炒作因素导致过高或过低,对供需产生压力。这两份正在向社会征求意见的文件若正式出台,将有效防止煤炭价格大幅度波动和稳定供需。

三类企业将设库存上下限

此次公布的《指导意见》,全面规定了煤炭生产企业、经营企业和耗煤行业相关企业的库存水平。

根据《指导意见》,设有储煤厂的煤矿,当动力煤价格处于绿色区域时,应保持不低于5天设计产量的最低储煤量;当动力煤价格出现大幅下跌超出绿色区域下限时,煤矿应保持不低于7天设计产量的最低储煤量;当动力煤价格出现大幅上涨超出绿色区域上限时,煤矿储煤量可不高于3天设计产量。这其中,绿色区域是指动力煤价格上下波动幅度在6%以内。

煤炭经营企业,最低库存原则上不低于上一年度3天的日常经营量。与此同时,电力、建材、冶金、化工等重点耗煤行业的相关企业,日常生产经营过程中煤炭最低库存原则上不应低于近三年企业储煤平均水平;在市场供不应求、价格连续快速上涨时,其存煤量不应高于最高库存,最高库存原则上不超过最低库存一倍。

金联创煤炭分析师毕方静在接受第一财经记者采访时表示,发改委这两份文件的出发点在于,当煤炭供应远大于需求,煤价下跌时,通过设立最低库存使供应、需求端都加大存煤量,达到供需双方的平衡;当煤炭需求量大、煤价上涨时,通过设立最高库存,预防囤货惜售而导致市场供需不平衡造成价格突击上涨。

“设立库存上下限可调节市场,达到供需平衡的目的。进一步发挥好库存的蓄水池和调节器作用,有利于促进煤炭价格稳定在合理区间。”毕方静说。

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