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发改委平抑煤价过山车:将设库存上下限

2017-08-30 09:39:15   中国经济网

从2017年8月28日至9月10日,涉及煤炭行业的两个文件将征求意见,其目标直指煤炭库存,以平抑价格波动。

根据国家发改委公布《关于建立健全煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度的指导意见(试行)》(征求意见稿)(以下简称指导意见),煤炭行业将通过建立健全煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度,督促指导煤炭生产、经营、消费企业保持合理库存水平,为经济社会平稳运行提供有力支撑。

厦门大学能源经济协同创新中心主任林伯强指出,规定煤炭库存最高和最低水平,可以保持价格不再有大幅波动。“没有这个制度,煤炭容易出现超涨和超跌的情况。”

但他同时指出,需要对相关规定执行到位。“因为价格上升时,企业会增加库存,监管企业难度很大。”

21世纪经济报道记者了解到,发改委同时制定了《煤炭最低库存和最高库存制度考核办法(试行)》(征求意见稿)(以下简称考核办法),对于多次考核不达标的将纳入企业信用“黑名单”,相应有多个惩罚措施。

将建库存上下限制度

21世纪经济报道记者了解到,国家发改委和财政部在2011年制定了《国家煤炭应急储备管理暂行办法》,该办法指出,国家煤炭应急储备期限原则上按照每年8个月确定。在没有应急动用情况下,承储企业储备期月均库存不低于基础期内同期库存量与储备量之和。

而此次公布的指导意见,则全面规定了煤炭生产企业、经营企业和耗煤行业相关企业的库存问题。

根据指导意见,设有储煤厂的煤矿,当动力煤价格处于绿色区域时,应保持不低于5天设计产量的最低储煤量;当动力煤价格出现大幅下跌超出绿色区域下限时,煤矿应保持不低于7天设计产量的最低储煤量;当动力煤价格出现大幅上涨超出绿色区域上限时,煤矿储煤量可不高于3天设计产量。

而煤炭经营企业,最低库存原则上不低于上一年度3天的日常经营量。当市场供不应求、动力煤价格出现大幅上涨超出绿色区域上限时,煤炭经营企业最高库存原则上不超过上一年度月均经营量。

此外,电力、建材、冶金、化工等重点耗煤行业的相关企业,日常生产经营过程中煤炭最低库存原则上不应低于近三年企业储煤平均水平;在市场供不应求、价格连续快速上涨时,其存煤量不应高于最高库存,最高库存原则上不超过最低库存的一倍。

中央财经大学中国煤炭经济研究院教授邢雷认为,实施煤炭最高、最低库存制度,肯定可以平抑煤炭价格的大幅波动。“太多地增加煤炭库存并不是好事。一方面,增加煤炭储备耗费资金,同时占地大;另一方面,煤炭易污染环境,粉尘乱飞。第三是安全隐患。”

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