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焦炭 后期将窄幅波动

2017-08-29 10:00:38   中国经济网

6月以来,焦炭期现货价格均出现上涨行情。目前,基本面依然较为强劲,但考虑价格已经处于高位,后期料窄幅振荡。

基本面边际改善

根据国家统计局的数据,1—7月,焦炭产量同比增长2.2%,较1—6月回落0.3个百分点,而生铁产量同比增长3.5%,较1—6月回升0.1个百分点。从单月数据来看,5月以后,生铁产量增速连续3个月高于焦炭,并且增速差逐渐扩大,表明焦炭基本面边际改善。另外,根据供需平衡表推算,1—7月,焦炭供应缺口为156万吨,这成为本轮焦炭价格反弹的重要原因。

上下游利润再分配

本轮焦炭价格上涨的另一个原因是行业利润的再分配。受供给侧改革及去地条钢行动的影响,2017年钢厂利润持续高位。特别是5月下旬以后,螺纹钢毛利一直在800—1100元/吨,热卷毛利在500—800元/吨。相比之下,5月底6月初,焦化企业基本处于盈亏平衡状态,这激发了焦化企业的挺价意愿。

焦化企业认为,在钢厂高利润的情况下提高焦炭价格,钢厂更容易接受。因此,尽管目前焦化企业的利润已经修复至300元/吨,但考虑到产业链各环节库存均处于低位,钢厂利润短期不会明显回落,焦化企业就有继续涨价的机会。

环保限产政策持续发力

7月下旬以来,环保检查趋严。8月3日,唐山市政府召开全市大气污染防治工作调度会,对于排放不达标的焦化等化工类企业责令停产,全市焦化企业限产达30%。目前,唐山地区焦炭产能约3900万吨。若限产政策执行到位,则影响产量约390万吨。

8月7日,第四轮中央环保督查启动,时间持续至2018年3月底。另外,根据环保部的相关规定,京津冀及周边无法升级改造达标排放的企业9月底前全关停。2017年剩余的4个月,焦化企业将面临冬季环保限产以及严查环保设备的双重压力,焦炭供应将更加紧张。

钢厂淡季仍大负荷生产

为了实现利润最大化,钢厂在淡季依旧大负荷生产。2017年6—8月,全国163家钢厂高炉开工率维持在75%—77%,高炉产能利用率维持在83%—85%,剔除淘汰产能的高炉产能利用率维持在90%,均处于年内高位。另外,个别关停2—3年的高炉恢复生产,也提振了煤焦需求。考虑到去地条钢之后钢材市场整体呈现供应偏紧格局,加之电弧炉受制于技术和政策、钢材传统消费旺季临近,高炉开工负荷短期维持高位,焦炭需求不会明显萎缩。

综上所述,在焦化企业环保限产以及钢厂开工负荷较高的环境下,焦炭价格得到支撑。不过,目前价格已经处于相对高位,近期钢材价格也出现小幅回调,抑制了焦炭价格的涨势,后期预计会在高位窄幅振荡。

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