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钢企煤企债券价格大幅上涨 资金仍在买入

2017-08-29 09:46:28   中国经济网

供给侧改革下,钢铁、煤炭等工业品期货价格暴涨,行业盈利能力大幅提升,钢企和煤炭企业发行的高风险信用债价格也出现持续大幅上涨。

统计显示,煤企债券价格在过去6个月时间里上涨5.74%,在中国表现仅次于电子企业债券,钢铁企业债券上涨5.5%,排名第三。从行业角度看,煤炭行业和钢铁行业利差均已经回落到了两年来的低点。

统计显示,年初至今,钢铁行业的整体超额利差共缓慢下行收窄31个bp,跌幅近30%。如果将时间拉长,钢铁行业利差从高峰的250个bp(基点),下降到了如今的63个bp,跌幅达到75%。

通常来说,钢铁行业利差主要与吨钢毛利负相关,煤炭行业利差主要与动力煤价格负相关。根据兰格钢铁测算数据便显示,一季度,吨钢生产利润平均为480元,到二季度时已经上涨至780元,7月至今平均生产利润已达到940元/吨。而今年上半年整个煤炭行业的利润也创下5年来同期最高盈利水平,大增近20倍。

伴随债券价格狂飙,超额利差不断下行,委外资金也开始从6月份起纷纷买入钢企煤企等过剩行业债券。中泰证券分析师齐晟表示,这主要来自于前期仓位较低的机构在逐步加仓,以及也不排除一些低杠杆机构进行加杠杆操作。

不过,由于钢企煤企债券价格大幅上涨,利差的不断萎缩,压缩了收益空间,使得一些债券投资者近期开始转向化工、有色金属等新的过剩行业寻找更好投资标的,以博取更大超额收益机会。目前,化工、有色金属的行业利差最高,分别为138个bp、100个bp,远远高于钢铁行业的63个bp。

天风证券分析师孙彬彬表示,可以参照煤炭、钢铁行业去产能的情形来类比新圈定产能过剩行业未来的利差走势。考虑到火电行业的发债主体多为大型央企和国企,主体评级高,投资收益率较低,而当前有色金属行业利差分别在100个bp左右,对比各自行业2015年末的利差情况,有色金属行业的下行空间较大。

尽管有人要“移情别恋”,但是仍然有很多分析师看好钢企煤企债券中长期价格走势。其中最重要的原因就是,环保压力将为这些过剩行业债券价格上涨继续提供支撑。特别是近期,第四批中央环保督察八路督察组已纷纷组建集结完毕,完成对八省的进驻工作,环保督察风暴仍在延续。

华创证券分析师屈庆认为,钢铁和铁矿石上周出现的价格下跌并不可持续,在供给侧改革的继续推动下,供给端预计仍将持续收缩,与此同时,伴随着天气转凉,之前高温对于生产的不利影响将逐步消除,在下游需求的带动下钢铁、铁矿石价格上涨仍有一定支撑。

对此,国泰君安证券研究所覃汉也提醒,小心商品行情出现闪崩行情,带动债券出现下跌。虽然从中长期看,今年异常严厉的环保限产会对钢材(3914, 33.00, 0.85%)供给形成负面冲击,但短期看,由于企业预期四季度采暖后环保限产压力更大,反而会触发提前加速生产的行为,相比于“追涨”,做空的性价比正在提升。

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